Zhou Ziyi, Onireti Oluwakayode, Zhang Lei, Imran Muhammad Ali
James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 30;24(23):7688. doi: 10.3390/s24237688.
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is one of the most popular consensus mechanisms for the consortium and private blockchain technology. It has been recognized as a candidate consensus mechanism for the Internet of Things networks as it offers lower resource requirements and high performance when compared with other consensus mechanisms such as proof of work. In this paper, by considering the blockchain nodes are wirelessly connected, we model the network nodes distribution and transaction arrival rate as Poisson point process and we develop a framework for evaluating the performance of the wireless PBFT network. The framework utilizes slotted ALOHA as its multiple access technique. We derive the end-to-end success probability of the wireless PBFT network which serves as the basis for obtaining other key performance indicators namely, the optimal transmission interval, the transaction throughput and delay, and the viable area. The viable area represents the minimum PBFT coverage area that guarantees the liveness, safety, and resilience of the PBFT protocol while satisfying a predefined end-to-end success probability. Results show that the transmission interval required to make the wireless PBFT network viable can be reduced if either the end-to-end success probability requirement or the number of faulty nodes is lowered.
实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）是联盟链和私有区块链技术中最流行的共识机制之一。与工作量证明等其他共识机制相比，它具有较低的资源需求和高性能，因此被认为是物联网网络的候选共识机制。在本文中，考虑到区块链节点是无线连接的，我们将网络节点分布和交易到达率建模为泊松点过程，并开发了一个用于评估无线PBFT网络性能的框架。该框架采用时隙ALOHA作为其多址接入技术。我们推导了无线PBFT网络的端到端成功概率，以此为基础获得其他关键性能指标，即最优传输间隔、交易吞吐量和延迟，以及可行区域。可行区域表示在满足预定义的端到端成功概率的同时，保证PBFT协议的活性、安全性和弹性的最小PBFT覆盖区域。结果表明，如果降低端到端成功概率要求或故障节点数量，使无线PBFT网络可行所需的传输间隔可以缩短。
