Shaping the environment - larvae construct their own niche.

In holometabolous insects, the choice of oviposition substrate by the adult needs to be coordinated with the developmental needs of the larva. female flies possess an enlarged serrated ovipositor, which has enabled them to conquer the ripening fruit as an oviposition niche. They insert their eggs through the skin of priced small fruits. However, this specialization seems to clash with the nutritional needs for larval development since ripening fruits have a low protein content and are high in sugars. In this work, we studied how larvae develop in and interact with the blueberry. We show that despite its hardness and composition, first instar larvae are able to use the ripening fruit by engaging in niche construction. They display unique physical and behavioral characteristics that allow them to process the hard-ripening fruit and provoke an improvement in its composition that better suits larval nutritional needs.