沙特阿拉伯COVID-19封锁对小儿支气管哮喘患者的影响：一项比较研究
Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Pediatric Bronchial Asthma Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study.
作者信息
Bawazeer Manal, Saad Aljowhara F, Aljuhani Bushra S, Mawlaalduwilah Sarah S, Aljoudi Akaber M, Gomawi Raneem A, Masud Nazish
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, SAU.
Research Unit, Department of Medical Education, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
出版信息
Cureus. 2024 Dec 15;16(12):e75774. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75774. eCollection 2024 Dec.
BACKGROUND
The lockdowns imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures may have decreased traffic and air pollution, which may contribute to reducing asthma exacerbation. However, there is not enough information about the relationship between asthma and COVID-19 lockdown, especially in children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on pediatric patients with moderate to severe bronchial asthma.
METHODS
This is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study of pediatric patients with moderate to severe asthma who came to King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted for a period of 14 months from March 2019 to May 2020, using the charts of children aged 3 to 14 years. We investigated changes in the severity of asthma using indirect parameters including hospital visits, ER visits, and changes in medications used before and during the COVID-19 lockdown.
RESULTS
A total of 343 asthmatic patients aged mean±SD of 8±3 years were included in the study. More than half 233 (68%) of them were male. The number of patients admitted to the hospital in 2019 was 46 patients (85%), while in 2020, it was only 17 patients (32%). In 2020, the usage of oral steroids has been decreased from 96 (28%) to 50 (15%). The number of people using the leukotriene inhibitor reduced from 171 in 2019 to 162 in 2020. The ER mean visit was 1.6±1.3 in 2019; however, ER visits in 2020 were 0.6 ±0.7 showing a considerable reduction in the ER visits (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The COVID-19 lockdown had a positive impact on asthma patients, with our study showing a significant reduction in ER visits, hospitalizations, and the use of oral steroids between March-May 2019 and 2020, suggesting lower asthma severity. However, a holistic approach is needed post-pandemic to improve asthma management, including increased awareness, better healthcare access, and reduction of environmental triggers to promote better control and overall well-being.
背景
2019年冠状病毒病疫情期间实施的封锁措施和社交距离措施可能减少了交通流量和空气污染，这可能有助于减少哮喘发作。然而，关于哮喘与2019年冠状病毒病封锁之间的关系，尤其是在儿童中的相关信息并不充分。因此，本研究的目的是确定2019年冠状病毒病封锁对中度至重度支气管哮喘儿科患者的影响。
方法
这是一项对沙特阿拉伯利雅得阿卜杜拉国王专科医院（KASCH）的中度至重度哮喘儿科患者进行的回顾性横断面分析研究。该研究从2019年3月至2020年5月进行了14个月，使用了3至14岁儿童的病历。我们使用包括医院就诊、急诊就诊以及2019年冠状病毒病封锁前后所用药物变化等间接参数来调查哮喘严重程度的变化。
结果
共有343例平均年龄±标准差为8±3岁的哮喘患者纳入研究。其中超过一半（233例，68%）为男性。2019年住院患者有46例（85%），而2020年仅有17例（32%）。2020年，口服类固醇的使用从96例（28%）降至50例（15%）。使用白三烯抑制剂的人数从2019年的171例降至2020年的162例。2019年急诊平均就诊次数为1.6±1.3次；然而，2020年急诊就诊次数为0.6±0.7次，显示急诊就诊次数大幅减少（p<0.001）。
结论
2019年冠状病毒病封锁对哮喘患者产生了积极影响，我们的研究表明，2019年3月至5月与2020年相比，急诊就诊、住院以及口服类固醇的使用显著减少，提示哮喘严重程度降低。然而，疫情后需要采取整体方法来改善哮喘管理，包括提高认识、改善医疗服务可及性以及减少环境触发因素，以促进更好的控制和整体健康状况。
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