Denis Dan, DiPietro Carissa, Spreng R Nathan, Schacter Daniel L, Stickgold Robert, Payne Jessica D
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Sleep Adv. 2024 Nov 16;5(1):zpae083. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae083. eCollection 2024.
Over time, memories lose episodic detail and become distorted, a process with serious ramifications for eyewitness identification. What are the processes contributing to such transformations over time? We investigated the roles of post-learning sleep and retrieval practice in memory accuracy and distortion, using a naturalistic story recollection task. Undergraduate students listened to a recording of the "War of the Ghosts," a Native American folktale, and were assigned to either a sleep or wake delay group, and either a retrieval practice or listen-only study condition. We found higher accuracy after sleep compared to wake in the listen-only condition, but not in the retrieval practice condition. This effect was driven by participants in the wake, retrieval practice condition showing superior memory compared to the wake, listen-only condition. A similar pattern was found for memory distortion, with both sleep and retrieval practice being associated with more inferences of nonpresented, but story-related information, compared to the wake, listen-only condition. These findings suggest both sleep and retrieval practice contribute to narrative memory stabilization and distortion.
随着时间的推移，记忆会失去情节细节并变得扭曲，这一过程对目击者身份识别有着严重的影响。随着时间的推移，导致这种转变的过程有哪些呢？我们使用一项自然故事回忆任务，研究了学习后睡眠和检索练习在记忆准确性和扭曲方面的作用。本科生听了一段美国原住民民间故事《鬼之战》的录音，并被分配到睡眠延迟组或清醒延迟组，以及检索练习组或仅听组的学习条件。我们发现，在仅听条件下，睡眠后的记忆准确性高于清醒状态，但在检索练习条件下并非如此。这种效应是由清醒、检索练习条件下的参与者比清醒、仅听条件下的参与者表现出更好的记忆所驱动的。在记忆扭曲方面也发现了类似的模式，与清醒、仅听条件相比，睡眠和检索练习都与更多未呈现但与故事相关信息的推断有关。这些发现表明，睡眠和检索练习都有助于叙事记忆的稳定和扭曲。
