Fleischer Ramona, Velling Marc, Peters Wibke, Peterka Tomáš, Franke Frederik, Vymyslická Pavla Jůnková, Rehbein Steffen, Heurich Marco, Sommer Simone
Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Germany.
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2024 Nov 25;25:101024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101024. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Invasive parasites that expand their natural range can be a threat to wildlife biodiversity and may pose a health risk to non-adapted, naive host species. The invasive giant liver fluke, , native to North America, has extended its range in Europe and uses mainly red deer () as definitive hosts. The penetration of the intestinal barrier by the young flukes to reach the liver via the abdominal cavity as well as the release of fluke metabolism products and excreta with the bile and/or changes in the microbial community of the biliary system may enable the translocation of intestinal bacteria across the intestinal barrier and, in turn, could be associated with inflammation and changes in the intestinal bacterial community. The gut commensal community plays a key role in host nutrition and interacts with cells of the immune system to maintain host health. For this study, the gut bacterial community of red deer infected with and of non-infected red deer from one of the largest forest ecosystems in Central Europe, located on the border between the Czech Republic and Germany, was investigated. The individual fluke burden was associated with changes in the gut microbial composition of the gut of infected individuals, whereas the diversity and composition of the gut bacteria were only slightly different between fluke-infected and uninfected deer. Several bacterial taxa at the genus level were unique to individuals carrying either one or many liver flukes. Our results suggest that the microbiota of red deer is stable to perturbation by low numbers of . However, a larger parasite burden may cause changes in the gut microbial composition in definitive hosts implying that non-invasive fecal microbiome assessments could serve as indicator for wildlife health monitoring.
入侵性寄生虫若扩大其天然分布范围，可能会对野生动物生物多样性构成威胁，并可能对非适应性的、未接触过病原体的宿主物种造成健康风险。原产于北美的入侵性巨肝吸虫已在欧洲扩大了其分布范围，主要以马鹿（）作为终末宿主。幼虫吸虫穿透肠道屏障，经腹腔到达肝脏，以及吸虫代谢产物和排泄物随胆汁排出，和/或胆道系统微生物群落的变化，可能会使肠道细菌穿过肠道屏障发生易位，进而可能与炎症及肠道细菌群落变化有关。肠道共生菌群落对宿主营养起着关键作用，并与免疫系统细胞相互作用以维持宿主健康。在本研究中，对来自中欧最大森林生态系统之一（位于捷克共和国和德国边境）的感染巨肝吸虫的马鹿和未感染马鹿的肠道细菌群落进行了调查。个体吸虫负荷与受感染个体肠道微生物组成的变化有关，而吸虫感染鹿和未感染鹿之间肠道细菌的多样性和组成仅有轻微差异。携带一只或多只肝吸虫的个体在属水平上有几种细菌分类群是独特的。我们的结果表明，马鹿的微生物群对少量巨肝吸虫的干扰具有稳定性。然而，更大的寄生虫负荷可能会导致终末宿主肠道微生物组成发生变化，这意味着非侵入性粪便微生物组评估可作为野生动物健康监测的指标。
