Yang Lu, Corpeleijn Eva, Hartman Esther
Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Dec 2;7(12):e2449879. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49879.
It is unclear whether daily physical activity and sports participation relate to executive function (EF) in children.
To explore associations between early-life physical activity, sports participation, and executive function in primary school children.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data for this cohort study were collected from April 2006 to December 2017 from the Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity (GECKO) Drenthe birth cohort, which includes Northern Dutch children. Preschool children aged 5 to 6 years and primary school children aged 10 to 11 years with valid EF, daily physical activity, and sports participation data were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to February 2024.
At ages 5 to 6 years, daily physical activity was measured with accelerometry. At ages 10 to 11 years, sports participation data were collected using the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity.
Executive function was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function at ages 10 to 11 years.
A total of 880 children (470 female [53.4%]; mean [SD] age at EF measurement, 11.1 [0.4] years) were included. Moderate to vigorous physical activity at ages 5 to 6 years did not correlate with EF at ages 10 to 11 years (eg, Global Executive Composite [GEC]: β, 0.16; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.53). Higher levels of light physical activity at ages 5 to 6 years were associated with poorer inhibitory control (β, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.24-1.47) and self-monitoring (β, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.09-1.48) at ages 10 to 11 years, while greater sedentary time was associated with better inhibitory control (β, -0.62; 95% CI, -1.08 to -0.16) and self-monitoring (β, -0.57; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.06). Compared with children engaged in individual sports, team sports participants exhibited better overall EF (mean difference [SE], -3.03 [0.81]), behavior regulation (mean difference [SE], -3.39 [0.77]), and metacognition (mean difference [SE], -2.55 [0.81]). Children involved in both types of sports vs only individual sports had better EF (GEC: mean difference [SE], -2.66 [0.93]).
In this cohort study of Dutch children, early-life moderate to vigorous physical activity was not associated with EF in middle childhood. Children participating in team sports at ages 10 to 11 years consistently exhibited superior EF compared with participants in individual sports.
儿童的日常体育活动和体育参与与执行功能（EF）之间的关系尚不清楚。
探讨小学儿童早期体育活动、体育参与和执行功能之间的关联。
设计、背景和参与者：本队列研究的数据于2006年4月至2017年12月从格罗宁根肥胖儿童专家中心（GECKO）德伦特出生队列收集，该队列包括荷兰北部儿童。分析纳入了5至6岁的学龄前儿童和10至11岁的小学儿童，他们有有效的执行功能、日常体育活动和体育参与数据。数据于2023年5月至2024年2月进行分析。
在5至6岁时，使用加速度计测量日常体育活动。在10至11岁时，使用评估促进健康体育活动的简短问卷收集体育参与数据。
在10至11岁时，使用执行功能行为评定量表评估执行功能。
共纳入880名儿童（470名女性[53.4%]；执行功能测量时的平均[标准差]年龄为11.1[0.4]岁）。5至6岁时的中度至剧烈体育活动与10至11岁时的执行功能无相关性（例如，总体执行综合评分[GEC]：β，0.16；95%置信区间，-0.21至0.53）。5至6岁时较高水平的轻度体育活动与10至11岁时较差的抑制控制（β，0.86；95%置信区间，0.24 - 1.47）和自我监控（β，0.79；95%置信区间，0.09 - 1.48）相关，而久坐时间越长与更好的抑制控制（β，-0.62；95%置信区间，-1.08至-0.16）和自我监控（β，-0.57；95%置信区间，-1.09至-0.06）相关。与参加个人运动的儿童相比，团队运动参与者表现出更好的总体执行功能（平均差异[标准误]，-3.03[0.81]）、行为调节（平均差异[标准误]，-3.39[0.77]）和元认知（平均差异[标准误]，-2.55[0.81]）。参与两种运动的儿童与仅参加个人运动的儿童相比，执行功能更好（GEC：平均差异[标准误]，-2.66[0.93]）。
在这项针对荷兰儿童的队列研究中，儿童早期的中度至剧烈体育活动与童年中期的执行功能无关。10至11岁参加团队运动的儿童与参加个人运动的儿童相比，始终表现出更优的执行功能。
