Dabravolski Siarhei A
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel.
Subcell Biochem. 2024;107:43-62. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-66768-8_3.
Ageing is a complex yet universal and inevitable degenerative process that results in a decline in the cellular capacity for repair and adaptation to external stresses. Therefore, maintaining the appropriate balance of the cellular proteome is crucial. In addition to the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems, molecular chaperones play a vital role in a sophisticated protein quality control system. Chaperones are responsible for the correct protein assembly, folding, and translocation of other proteins when cells are subjected to various stresses. The equilibrium of chaperones is pivotal for maintaining health and longevity, as a deficiency in their function and quantity can contribute to the development of various diseases and accelerate the ageing processes. Conversely, their overexpression has been associated with tumour growth and progression. In this work, we discuss recent research focused on the application of various natural and artificial substances, as well as physical and nutritional stresses, to activate molecular chaperones and prolong both life- and healthspan. Furthermore, we emphasise the significance of autophagy, apoptosis, mTOR and inflammation signalling pathways in chaperone-mediated extension of life- and healthspan.
衰老虽是一个复杂但普遍且不可避免的退行性过程，会导致细胞修复和适应外部压力的能力下降。因此，维持细胞蛋白质组的适当平衡至关重要。除了泛素 - 蛋白酶体系统和自噬 - 溶酶体系统外，分子伴侣在复杂的蛋白质质量控制系统中也起着至关重要的作用。当细胞受到各种压力时，分子伴侣负责其他蛋白质的正确组装、折叠和转运。分子伴侣的平衡对于维持健康和长寿至关重要，因为其功能和数量的不足会导致各种疾病的发生并加速衰老过程。相反，它们的过度表达与肿瘤生长和进展有关。在这项工作中，我们讨论了最近的研究，这些研究聚焦于应用各种天然和人工物质以及物理和营养压力来激活分子伴侣并延长寿命和健康寿命。此外，我们强调自噬、凋亡、mTOR和炎症信号通路在分子伴侣介导的寿命和健康寿命延长中的重要性。
