Zhao Jiarui, Peng Yuan, Lin Zhenfang, Gong Yulai
College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue West, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2025 Feb;29(2):100451. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100451. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, and past research suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may influence the risk of PD. However, there are varying conclusions among different studies regarding the correlation between long-term adherence to the MD and the occurrence of PD. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between MD adherence and PD incidence.
This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024520410). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify observational studies, including prospective cohorts, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, up to February 2024. Studies reported on MD adherence were included, with MD adherence categorized through a quantifying score or index. The pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the highest versus the lowest categories of MD score in relation to PD risk, using random-effects models. Additionally, bias assessment, heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed. A total of 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis.
The overall effect size of PD risk was as follows: compared to the lowest adherence to the MD, the highest adherence to MD showed a significant negative correlation with the incidence of PD, with an overall OR of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.84). Specifically, in studies diagnosing PD, the overall OR was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.94), while in studies diagnosing prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD), the overall OR was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59, 0.76). For individuals aged <60 years, the overall OR was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.78), whereas, for those aged ≥60 years, the overall OR was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.74, 0.99).
The evidence from this meta-analysis demonstrates a significant negative correlation between adherence to MD patterns and the risk of PD, suggesting that the MD may serve as a protective factor for PD. This dietary pattern may be particularly beneficial in reducing the risk of pPD.
帕金森病（PD）是一种慢性神经退行性疾病，过去的研究表明，坚持地中海饮食（MD）可能会影响患PD的风险。然而，不同研究对于长期坚持MD与PD发生之间的相关性存在不同结论。本荟萃分析旨在研究MD依从性与PD发病率之间的关联。
本荟萃分析已在PROSPERO（CRD42024520410）上注册。我们检索了PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane数据库，以识别截至2024年2月的观察性研究，包括前瞻性队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究。纳入报告MD依从性的研究，MD依从性通过量化评分或指数进行分类。使用随机效应模型计算与PD风险相关的MD评分最高组与最低组的合并比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。此外，进行了偏倚评估、异质性评估、敏感性分析和亚组分析。本荟萃分析共纳入12项研究。
PD风险的总体效应大小如下：与最低MD依从性相比，最高MD依从性与PD发病率呈显著负相关，总体OR为0.75（95%CI：0.66，0.84）。具体而言，在诊断PD的研究中，总体OR为0.83（95%CI：0.74，0.94），而在诊断帕金森病前驱期（pPD）的研究中，总体OR为0.67（95%CI：0.59，0.76）。对于年龄<60岁的个体，总体OR为0.70（95%CI：0.62，0.78），而对于年龄≥60岁的个体，总体OR为0.86（95%CI：0.74，0.99）。
本荟萃分析的证据表明，坚持MD模式与PD风险之间存在显著负相关，表明MD可能是PD的保护因素。这种饮食模式在降低pPD风险方面可能特别有益。
