Wesley Shaun R, Gallo Mary, Apata Tejumola, Dis Jane van, Hollenbach Stefanie J
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Semin Reprod Med. 2024 Dec;42(4):312-329. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1800961. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Environmental pollutants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), air pollution, and climate change, are increasingly recognized for their potential impact on pregnancy outcomes. EDCs, found in pesticides, industrial chemicals, and personal care products, are associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, primarily through hormonal interference. Air pollution, notably PM, NO, and O, has been linked to increased rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Climate factors, such as extreme heat, elevate risks of pregnancy loss and preterm birth, with significant impacts on vulnerable populations across diverse socioeconomic and geographic regions. These exposures contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. The interplay among these environmental factors underscores the need for integrated, longitudinal studies to understand their combined effects on pregnancy outcomes better. Future research should focus on region-specific impacts, cumulative exposure, and policy-driven interventions to mitigate these environmental risks, especially in vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by these hazards. This scoping review synthesizes recent findings from 2019 to 2024 to highlight these associations and identify research gaps.
包括内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）、空气污染和气候变化在内的环境污染物，其对妊娠结局的潜在影响日益受到认可。农药、工业化学品和个人护理产品中含有的EDC主要通过激素干扰，与早产和胎儿生长受限有关。空气污染，尤其是颗粒物（PM）、氮氧化物（NO）和臭氧（O），与早产率增加、低出生体重和死产有关。极端高温等气候因素会增加流产和早产风险，对不同社会经济和地理区域的脆弱人群产生重大影响。这些暴露通过氧化应激、炎症和内分泌干扰等机制导致不良妊娠结局。这些环境因素之间的相互作用凸显了开展综合性纵向研究以更好地了解其对妊娠结局综合影响的必要性。未来的研究应聚焦于特定区域的影响、累积暴露以及政策驱动的干预措施，以减轻这些环境风险，尤其是在受这些危害影响尤为严重的脆弱人群中。本综述综合了2019年至2024年的最新研究结果，以突出这些关联并找出研究空白。
