Baumberger Carina, Wieber Frank, Pauli Carole, Loosli Daniela, Kleim Birgit, Kiselev Nikolai
Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
School of Health Professions, Institute of Health Science, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3493. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21012-8.
The positive influence of physical activities on a person's physical and mental health has been proven many times. These findings were implemented in the regular exercise therapy offered within psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. However, after leaving a psychiatric hospital, there are insufficient opportunities for individuals with psychiatric disorders to engage in sports. Therefore, voluntary sports groups for this specific population have been offered in Switzerland by the disability sports systems since 2015. Still, the perspective of individuals with psychiatric disorders as well as perceived barriers and facilitators for participating in these groups have neither been assessed nor included in the design of sports programs.
This study consists of 15 semi-structured interviews (N = 15) lasting up to one hour each with individuals with psychiatric disorders who participated in voluntary sports groups for this specific population in Switzerland. The results were analyzed employing Thematic Analysis using Nvivo.
Interviewees named offer-specific (disability-related), emotional (social exchange), and rational motives (health) for their participation in voluntary sports groups for individuals with psychiatric disorders. In addition, intrapersonal (psychological/physical deficits), sociocultural (stigmatization), and structural (unsuitable location) factors were mentioned as possible inhibitors in the context of participation in voluntary sports groups for individuals with psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, participants experienced predominantly positive outcomes from participation.
Individuals with psychiatric disorders benefit socially, physically, and psychologically from participating in voluntary sports groups for this specific population. However, participation is associated with barriers that need to be minimized in the future. Additionally, a large-scale survey is necessary to validate the results among the population.
体育活动对人的身心健康产生的积极影响已被多次证实。这些研究结果已应用于瑞士精神病院内提供的常规运动疗法中。然而，在离开精神病院后，患有精神疾病的个体参与体育活动的机会并不充足。因此，自2015年以来，瑞士的残疾人体育系统为这一特定人群提供了自愿性体育团体。尽管如此，患有精神疾病的个体的观点以及参与这些团体所感知到的障碍和促进因素既未得到评估，也未纳入体育项目的设计中。
本研究包括15次半结构化访谈（N = 15），每次访谈持续时间最长为1小时，访谈对象为参与瑞士针对这一特定人群的自愿性体育团体的患有精神疾病的个体。使用Nvivo软件通过主题分析法对结果进行分析。
受访者列举了他们参与针对患有精神疾病的个体的自愿性体育团体的特定活动相关（与残疾相关）、情感（社交交流）和理性动机（健康）。此外，个人内部（心理/身体缺陷）、社会文化（污名化）和结构（不合适的地点）因素被提及为参与针对患有精神疾病的个体的自愿性体育团体时可能存在的阻碍。此外，参与者从参与中主要体验到了积极的结果。
患有精神疾病的个体通过参与针对这一特定人群的自愿性体育团体在社交、身体和心理方面都有所受益。然而，参与存在一些障碍，未来需要将这些障碍降至最低。此外，有必要进行大规模调查以验证总体人群中的结果。
