Godevithana Janaka, Wijesinghe Champa Jayalakshmie, Wijesinghe Millawage Supun Dilara
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
Centre for Public Health Nutrition Education & Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3453. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20935-6.
An unhealthy diet is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD), which account for a significant number of premature deaths and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Office workers are reported to have unhealthy and unbalanced diets, while being sedentary due to the nature of their work, placing them at a greater risk of NCD. This study aimed to determine dietary intake and associated factors among sedentary office workers in Southern Sri Lanka.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 sedentary workers in 20 offices in the Galle district. Socio-demographic, health and work-related factors and dietary practices were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall was used to assess dietary intake, which was converted into the number of servings from each food group. Healthy dietary intake was defined as 'adherence to the numbers of servings recommended in Food Based Dietary Guidelines for Sri Lankans for more than three food groups including cereal and cereal-based foods, fruits, and vegetables, with the consumption of one or no unhealthy food per day'.
Only 4.6% (n = 24) of the participants consumed a healthy diet, while a considerable proportion had the recommended intake of cereal-based foods, vegetables and fish, meat and pulses (65.3%, 65.8% and 50.8%, respectively). Intake of fruits, dairy products, nuts and seeds was low among the participants. Meal skipping and group eating were significantly associated with an overall unhealthy diet. Stratified analysis showed sex as an effect modifier for the association between group eating and unhealthy diet. In multivariate analysis, none of the factors showed a significant association with healthy dietary intake.
The dietary intake of sedentary office workers was not up to the recommendations. Meal skipping and group eating were associated with unhealthy dietary intake. This study recommends introducing interventions to improve the intake of fruits, dairy products, nuts, and seeds for sedentary office workers.
不健康饮食是非传染性疾病（NCD）的一个关键风险因素，在全球范围内，非传染性疾病导致了大量过早死亡和残疾调整生命年。据报道，上班族的饮食不健康且不均衡，同时由于工作性质久坐不动，这使他们患非传染性疾病的风险更高。本研究旨在确定斯里兰卡南部久坐的上班族的饮食摄入量及相关因素。
在加勒区20个办公室的518名久坐工作者中进行了一项横断面研究。使用自填式问卷评估社会人口统计学、健康和工作相关因素以及饮食习惯。采用24小时饮食回顾法评估饮食摄入量，并将其转换为每个食物组的份数。健康饮食摄入量的定义为“遵守《斯里兰卡人基于食物的饮食指南》中针对包括谷物及谷物类食品、水果和蔬菜在内的三个以上食物组推荐的份数，且每天食用一种或不食用不健康食品”。
只有4.6%（n = 24）的参与者饮食健康，而相当一部分人摄入了推荐量的谷物类食品、蔬菜以及鱼、肉和豆类（分别为65.3%、65.8%和50.8%）。参与者中水果、乳制品、坚果和种子的摄入量较低。不吃正餐和集体用餐与整体不健康饮食显著相关。分层分析显示性别是集体用餐与不健康饮食之间关联的效应修饰因素。在多变量分析中，没有一个因素与健康饮食摄入量显示出显著关联。
久坐的上班族的饮食摄入量未达到推荐标准。不吃正餐和集体用餐与不健康的饮食摄入有关。本研究建议采取干预措施，以改善久坐上班族对水果、乳制品、坚果和种子的摄入量。
