Borkar Richa R, Barretto Elaine S, Swamy Dinesh F, Fijardo Elaine V
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 18;16(11):e73894. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73894. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Primary teeth trauma has received very little attention compared to permanent teeth due to their eventual exfoliation. Enamel discolorations, hypoplasias, and enamel-surface abnormalities have been reported in the permanent dentition following primary tooth trauma. Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) also have an impact on the quality of life of an individual. The study aims to determine the prevalence of TDI and its association with various risk factors in preschool children in the state of Goa. The primary objective is to determine the prevalence of TDI in primary anterior teeth in preschool children in the state of Goa. The secondary objective is to determine the association of various risk factors with TDI in preschool children in the state of Goa.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among preschool children aged three to five years across the state of Goa. A total of 971 children were included in the study. Parents or guardians of participants who reported trauma answered an interview addressing the history of the injury. The anterior dental trauma and associated factors such as age, gender, time of injury, month of injury, place of injury, occlusal relationship, lip competence, oral habits, and ordinal position of the child were assessed and analyzed.
Out of the 971 children examined, TDI was reported in 157 (16.1%) children. Of these, 83 of 157 (52.8%) children had experienced TDI at home. Three-year-old children had the highest TDI prevalence of any age group, with 32 of 145 (22.0%) experiencing TDI. The most commonly affected tooth (100 of 233, 10.3%) was the primary maxillary right central incisor. Of the 233 traumatized teeth, 100 (42.9%) had code 2 injuries (enamel fractures only), which were the most frequently reported injuries. Mesio-incisal angle fracture was detected in 84 (34.3%) teeth affected with TDI. With respect to the number of teeth traumatized, 99 of 157 (63.0%) of children had a single tooth traumatized. Among all children who had sustained TDI, 103 (65.6%) were firstborns, 50 (31.8%) were secondborns, and four (2.5%) were thirdborn children. Only eight children received treatment, of which seven received medications and only one child received dental treatment. Parents being unaware of TDI was the main reason for not seeking treatment.
This study highlights the critical need for educating parents and teachers about TDI prevention and the importance of prompt dental care. The findings offer valuable insights for formulating state- and national-level policies and preventive strategies for managing TDI.
由于乳牙最终会脱落，相较于恒牙，乳牙外伤受到的关注极少。乳牙外伤后恒牙列中已出现牙釉质变色、发育不全及牙釉质表面异常的报道。牙外伤（TDI）也会对个体的生活质量产生影响。本研究旨在确定果阿邦学龄前儿童牙外伤的患病率及其与各种危险因素的关联。主要目标是确定果阿邦学龄前儿童乳前牙牙外伤的患病率。次要目标是确定果阿邦学龄前儿童各种危险因素与牙外伤的关联。
在果阿邦对3至5岁的学龄前儿童进行了一项横断面调查。共有971名儿童纳入研究。报告有外伤的参与者的父母或监护人回答了关于受伤史的访谈。评估并分析了前牙外伤及相关因素，如年龄、性别、受伤时间、受伤月份、受伤地点、咬合关系、唇部功能、口腔习惯以及孩子的出生顺序。
在检查的971名儿童中，有157名（16.1%）儿童报告有牙外伤。其中，157名儿童中有83名（52.8%）在家中发生牙外伤。3岁儿童是所有年龄组中牙外伤患病率最高的，145名中有32名（22.0%）发生牙外伤。最常受影响的牙齿（233颗中的100颗，10.3%）是上颌右侧乳中切牙。在233颗受外伤的牙齿中，100颗（42.9%）有2级损伤（仅牙釉质骨折），这是最常报告的损伤。在受牙外伤影响的牙齿中，84颗（34.3%）检测到近中切角骨折。就受外伤牙齿的数量而言，157名儿童中有99名（63.0%）有一颗牙齿受外伤。在所有发生牙外伤的儿童中，103名（65.6%）是头胎，50名（31.8%）是二胎，4名（2.5%）是三胎。只有8名儿童接受了治疗，其中7名接受了药物治疗，只有1名儿童接受了牙科治疗。家长未意识到牙外伤是未寻求治疗的主要原因。
本研究强调了对家长和教师进行牙外伤预防教育的迫切需求以及及时进行牙科护理的重要性。这些发现为制定州级和国家级管理牙外伤的政策及预防策略提供了有价值的见解。
