Saber Yomna A, Hamed Mahmoud, Emara Samy, Mansour Fotouh R, Locatelli Marcello, Ibrahim Noha
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo, 44971, Egypt.
MIU Chemistry Society (MIU-CS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo, 44971, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 26;10(23):e40661. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40661. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
Searching for natural alternatives to replace environmentally harmful chemical reagents in analysis is just as crucial as finding easily accessible analytical tools. To reinforce these concepts, this study proposes a simple spectrofluorometric approach using natural carbon quantum dots (n-CQDs) as fluorescence probes for sensitive and environmentally friendly measurement of molnupiravir, an antiviral drug that was initially developed for influenza and has demonstrated potential efficacy against COVID-19. n-CQDs were synthesized using garlic peels (GP), a waste material, via a microwave-assisted method. n-CQDs have a characteristic broad absorbance and narrow emission spectrum, making it easier to analyze several targets. The GP-based n-CQDs showed maximum excitation/emission at 265/347 nm with an acceptable quantum yield. After reaction with molnupiravir, the produced n-CQDs demonstrated unique features to determine the tested analyte. Different factors influencing the synthesis of n-CQDs and their interaction with the studied drug, molnupiravir, were investigated and optimized. Using GP-based n-CQDs as fluorescent probe for measuring molnupiravir byfluorescence (FL), a green analytical approach based on the probes' fluorescence quenching was developed (GP- n-CQDs -QN-FL). The method demonstrated good linearity from 0.5 to 30 μg/mL and detection/quantitation limits of 0.19/0.5 μg/mL. Validation studies confirmed accuracy (98-102 % recovery), precision (<2 % RSD), robustness and selectivity. Various assessment indexes have been utilized to assess the environmental friendliness and suitability aspects of the suggested approach in comparison to other existing techniques. Furthermore, n-CQDs were successfully employed for the precise analysis of molnupiravir in its pharmaceutical capsules. The comprehensive results proved that the method can be deemed eco-friendly and feasible more than the other techniques for its intended purpose for molnupiravir determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms with an average recovery 101.17 %.
寻找天然替代品以取代分析中对环境有害的化学试剂，与寻找易于使用的分析工具同样重要。为强化这些理念，本研究提出一种简单的荧光光谱法，使用天然碳量子点（n-CQDs）作为荧光探针，用于灵敏且环保地测定莫努匹拉韦，这是一种最初用于治疗流感的抗病毒药物，已证明对COVID-19具有潜在疗效。通过微波辅助法，利用废料蒜皮（GP）合成了n-CQDs。n-CQDs具有特征性的宽吸收光谱和窄发射光谱，便于分析多个目标。基于GP的n-CQDs在265/347 nm处显示出最大激发/发射，量子产率可接受。与莫努匹拉韦反应后，生成的n-CQDs展现出用于测定被测分析物的独特特性。研究并优化了影响n-CQDs合成及其与所研究药物莫努匹拉韦相互作用的不同因素。以基于GP的n-CQDs作为荧光探针，通过荧光（FL）法测定莫努匹拉韦，开发了一种基于探针荧光猝灭的绿色分析方法（GP-n-CQDs-QN-FL）。该方法在0.5至30 μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性，检测限/定量限分别为0.19/0.5 μg/mL。验证研究证实了该方法的准确性（回收率98 - 102%）、精密度（相对标准偏差<2%）、稳健性和选择性。与其他现有技术相比，已采用各种评估指标来评估所建议方法在环境友好性和适用性方面的表现。此外，n-CQDs成功用于其药物胶囊中莫努匹拉韦的精确分析。综合结果证明，该方法相对于其他技术在测定药物剂型中的莫努匹拉韦时可被视为环保且可行，平均回收率为101.17%。
