Krause N, Geyer-Pestello H F
Am J Community Psychol. 1985 Feb;13(1):49-67. doi: 10.1007/BF00923259.
Researchers who attempt to explain why paid employment is a source of psychological distress for some women must consider how a number of factors in the work and nonoccupational environments influence a woman's reaction to employment outside the home. We examined four aspects of the job that may be a source of distress for working women: job dissatisfaction, pay dissatisfaction, commitment to the work role, and full versus part-time employment. Of these, pay dissatisfaction and commitment to the work role emerged as significant predictors of depressive symptoms. With regard to home-related roles, neither help with housework nor the presence of young children in the home exerted a significant direct effect on psychological distress. Young children at home did, however, have a significant interaction effect with a woman's sex role beliefs. Finally, the presence of a conflict between the work and home roles was also a significant predictor of depression.
试图解释为何有偿工作会给一些女性带来心理困扰的研究人员，必须考虑工作环境和非职业环境中的诸多因素如何影响女性对外出工作的反应。我们研究了工作中可能给职业女性带来困扰的四个方面：工作不满意、薪酬不满意、对工作角色的投入，以及全职与兼职工作。其中，薪酬不满意和对工作角色的投入成为抑郁症状的重要预测因素。关于家庭相关角色，家务帮助和家中有幼儿这两个因素均未对心理困扰产生显著的直接影响。然而，家中有幼儿与女性的性别角色观念存在显著的交互作用。最后，工作角色与家庭角色之间的冲突也是抑郁的一个重要预测因素。
