Nadel Lynn, Simon Katharine C
Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Dec 24;121(52):e2416373121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2416373121. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
The sharing of personal memories is a unique aspect of the human experience. Humans communicate to provide information, to influence, or even to amuse. How do we distinguish between credible and noncredible narratives? Forensic science has identified race, age, and detail quantity as influential. We do not know how the nature of narrated details impacts believability. We report two studies investigating how detail composition influences credibility ratings using definitions of details suggested by Levine et al. (2002). Internal details are directly connected to the episodic aspects of the memory, while external details refer to semantic facts or depictions not directly related to the main event. A total of 825 participants rated narratives that varied detail number and type for perceived credibility or saliency. Episodic memory details enhanced credibility more than semantic memory details. In addition, within episodic memories, person-related details enhanced credibility more than non-person-related details. Our results suggest a lens through which to view the credibility of what we hear and read.
分享个人记忆是人类经历的一个独特方面。人类交流是为了提供信息、施加影响，甚至是为了娱乐。我们如何区分可信和不可信的叙述呢？法医学已经确定种族、年龄和细节数量是有影响的因素。我们不知道所叙述细节的性质是如何影响可信度的。我们报告了两项研究，这些研究使用莱文等人（2002年）提出的细节定义，调查细节构成如何影响可信度评级。内部细节直接与记忆的情节方面相关，而外部细节则指与主要事件没有直接关系的语义事实或描述。共有825名参与者对在细节数量和类型上有所不同的叙述进行了感知可信度或显著性的评级。情节记忆细节比语义记忆细节更能提高可信度。此外，在情节记忆中，与人物相关的细节比与非人物相关的细节更能提高可信度。我们的研究结果提供了一个视角，通过它可以审视我们所听到和读到内容的可信度。
