Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and their complications.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are genetically engineered T cells expressing transmembrane chimeric antigen receptors with specific targeting abilities. As an emerging immunotherapy, the use of CAR-T cells has made significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment, particularly for hematological malignancies. The success of CAR-T cell therapy in blood cancers highlights its potential for other conditions in which the clearance of pathological cells is therapeutic, such as liver diseases, infectious diseases, heart failure, and diabetes. Given the limitations of current therapies for autoimmune diseases, researchers have actively explored the potential therapeutic value of CAR-T cells and their derivatives in the field of autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the research progress and current challenges of CAR-T cells in autoimmune diseases with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the precise treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the future, CAR-T cells may present new therapeutic modalities and ultimately provide hope for patients with autoimmune diseases.