Beard John R, Hanewald Katja, Si Yafei, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran, Moreno-Agostino Dario
Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
School of Risk & Actuarial Studies, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nat Aging. 2025 Jan;5(1):87-98. doi: 10.1038/s43587-024-00741-w. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
To understand how the health of older adults today compares to that of previous generations, we estimated intrinsic capacity and subdomains of cognitive, locomotor, sensory, psychological and vitality capacities in participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Applying multilevel growth curve models, we found that more recent cohorts entered older ages with higher levels of capacity, while subsequent age-related declines were somewhat compressed compared to earlier cohorts. Trends were most evident for the cognitive, locomotor and vitality capacities. Improvements were large, with the greatest gains being in the most recent cohorts. For example, a 68-year-old participant of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing born in 1950 had higher capacity than a 62-year-old born 10 years earlier. Trends were similar for men and women and were generally consistent across English and Chinese cohorts. Possible causes include broad societal influences and improvements in medical care.
为了解当今老年人的健康状况与前几代人相比如何，我们在英国老龄化纵向研究和中国健康与养老追踪调查的参与者中，估计了认知、运动、感官、心理和活力能力的内在能力及子领域。应用多层次增长曲线模型，我们发现，与早期队列相比，较近队列进入老年时的能力水平更高，而随后与年龄相关的下降在一定程度上有所压缩。认知、运动和活力能力的趋势最为明显。改善幅度很大，最近队列的改善最为显著。例如，英国老龄化纵向研究中1950年出生的68岁参与者比10年前出生的62岁参与者能力更高。男性和女性的趋势相似，并且在英国和中国队列中总体一致。可能的原因包括广泛的社会影响和医疗保健的改善。
