Horner Fiona S, Helgeson Vicki S
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
J Behav Med. 2025 Apr;48(2):207-229. doi: 10.1007/s10865-024-00536-9. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are metabolic disorders that require one to manage one's blood glucose levels on a daily basis through a series of behaviorally complex tasks. Research shows that psychosocial factors, including mood, stress, and social relationships, have a significant influence on one's ability to maintain these disease management routines and achieve healthy blood glucose levels. However, researchers have typically approached these questions from a between-person perspective. Here, we argue for greater consideration of short-term, within-person links of psychosocial factors-including mood, stress, and social interactions-to glucose outcomes. Drawing from existing social and health psychology theories, we put forth an organizing theoretical framework describing how psychosocial experiences may operate on glucose outcomes over subsequent hours. We then review the small but burgeoning literature of intensive longitudinal studies that have examined the short-term effects of negative affect, positive affect, stress, and social interactions on glucose outcomes. Findings showed somewhat stronger links for negative affect and stress compared to positive affect and social interactions, but studies varied greatly in their methodologies, making direct comparisons challenging. A number of findings, particularly in the social interaction literature, depended on dispositional or contextual factors, further complicating interpretation. There was little investigation of the mechanistic pathways that may connect psychosocial factors to glucose outcomes, and few studies conducted lagged analyses to probe the directionality of these links. We conclude by proposing best practices for future research that will address the key weaknesses in the extant literature.
1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病是代谢紊乱疾病，需要患者通过一系列行为复杂的任务来每日管理自己的血糖水平。研究表明，心理社会因素，包括情绪、压力和社会关系，对一个人维持这些疾病管理日常行为并实现健康血糖水平的能力有重大影响。然而，研究人员通常是从个体间的角度来探讨这些问题的。在此，我们主张更多地考虑心理社会因素（包括情绪、压力和社会互动）与血糖结果之间的短期、个体内联系。借鉴现有的社会和健康心理学理论，我们提出了一个组织性的理论框架，描述心理社会经历在随后数小时内可能如何影响血糖结果。然后，我们回顾了少量但正在迅速发展的密集纵向研究文献，这些研究考察了消极情绪、积极情绪、压力和社会互动对血糖结果的短期影响。研究结果显示，与积极情绪和社会互动相比，消极情绪和压力的联系似乎更强，但研究方法差异很大，难以进行直接比较。许多研究结果，尤其是社会互动文献中的结果，取决于性格或情境因素，这使得解释更加复杂。对于可能将心理社会因素与血糖结果联系起来的机制途径，几乎没有进行研究，而且很少有研究进行滞后分析来探究这些联系的方向性。我们最后提出了未来研究的最佳实践方法，以解决现有文献中的关键弱点。
