Wu Chunying, Liu Yusheng, Lai Yigui, Wang Qiang, Wu Siqi, Fan Huijie, Liu Yanyan, Zhao Xiaoshan, Jiang Xuefeng
Department of Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, China.
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 5;11:1435435. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1435435. eCollection 2024.
The relationship between different types of milk and depression and anxiety remains unclear, with limited evidence from prospective cohort studies. This study aims to evaluate this relationship using data from the UK Biobank cohort and to explore its potential causality through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between different milk types and the risk of depression and anxiety among 357,568 UK Biobank participants free of these conditions at baseline. To further explore causality, a 2-sample MR analysis was conducted using data from the FinnGen study.
During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years (interquartile range, 12.6-14.2 years), among 357,568 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.83 [8.06] years, 171,246 male individuals [47.9%]), a total of 13,065 and 13,339 participants were diagnosed with depression and anxiety, respectively. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for sociodemographics characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and health indicators), full cream milk was related to a lower risk of anxiety (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94). Semi-skimmed milk had a lower risk of depression (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96) and anxiety (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98). No significant relationships were found between skimmed milk and depression/anxiety. Other types were related to an increased risk of depression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28). After Bonferroni correction, the 2-sample MR analysis revealed a potential protective causal relationship between semi-skimmed milk and depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95, = 0.006) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.85, < 0.001).
These findings indicate that semi-skimmed milk consumption may be linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety, potentially highlighting its role in dietary strategies to promote mental health.
不同类型的牛奶与抑郁和焦虑之间的关系尚不清楚，前瞻性队列研究的证据有限。本研究旨在利用英国生物银行队列的数据评估这种关系，并通过孟德尔随机化（MR）分析探索其潜在的因果关系。
采用Cox比例风险模型评估357,568名英国生物银行参与者中不同类型牛奶与抑郁和焦虑风险之间的关联，这些参与者在基线时无这些疾病。为了进一步探索因果关系，使用了芬兰基因研究的数据进行两样本MR分析。
在中位随访期13.5年（四分位间距，12.6 - 14.2年）内，357,568名参与者（平均[标准差]年龄，56.83[8.06]岁，171,246名男性个体[47.9%]）中，分别有13,065名和13,339名参与者被诊断患有抑郁和焦虑。在完全调整模型（根据社会人口统计学特征、生活方式行为和健康指标进行调整）中，全脂牛奶与较低的焦虑风险相关（风险比[HR]=0.84，95%置信区间：0.75 - 0.94）。低脂牛奶患抑郁（HR = 0.88，95%置信区间：0.80 - 0.96）和焦虑（HR = 0.90，95%置信区间：0.82 - 0.98）的风险较低。未发现脱脂牛奶与抑郁/焦虑之间存在显著关系。其他类型与抑郁风险增加相关（HR = 1.14，95%置信区间：1.02 - 1.28）。经过Bonferroni校正后，两样本MR分析显示低脂牛奶与抑郁（优势比[OR]=0.83，95%置信区间：0.73 - 0.95，P = 0.006）和焦虑（OR = 0.71，95%置信区间：0.59 - 0.85，P < 0.001）之间存在潜在的保护性因果关系。
这些发现表明，饮用低脂牛奶可能与较低的抑郁和焦虑风险相关，这可能凸显了其在促进心理健康的饮食策略中的作用。
