Viret Christophe, Bynoe Margaret S
CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Yale J Biol Med. 2024 Dec 19;97(4):521-528. doi: 10.59249/OIKF8301. eCollection 2024 Dec.
In relation to ancient infections, a substantial number of retroviral sequences with persistent immunogenic potential were integrated within the human genome (HERVs). Under physiological conditions, coding sequences from HERVs can participate in cell/tissue homeostasis and physiological functions in an epigenetically controlled manner. However, HERV expression is susceptible to contribute to various pathologies, including autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, when reprogrammed by exogenous stimuli such as drugs or microbial infections. Both innate and adaptive components of the immune system can be mobilized in response to deregulated/de-repressed expression of HERV determinants and thereby, modify immune tolerance to tissue antigens. Self-directed immune responses induced/worsened by HERV expression are suspected to participate in both tissue-specific and systemic disorders. A substantial level of mechanistic investigation is needed to better delineate the impact of HERV expression in diseases in general, and in inflammation and autoimmunity in particular.
关于古代感染，大量具有持续免疫原性潜力的逆转录病毒序列整合在人类基因组中（人类内源性逆转录病毒）。在生理条件下，人类内源性逆转录病毒的编码序列可以通过表观遗传控制的方式参与细胞/组织稳态和生理功能。然而，当受到药物或微生物感染等外源性刺激重新编程时，人类内源性逆转录病毒的表达容易导致各种病理状况，包括自身炎症性和自身免疫性疾病。免疫系统的固有和适应性成分都可以被调动起来，以应对人类内源性逆转录病毒决定簇的失调/去抑制表达，从而改变对组织抗原的免疫耐受性。疑似由人类内源性逆转录病毒表达诱导/加重的自身导向免疫反应参与了组织特异性和全身性疾病。需要进行大量的机制研究，以更好地描绘人类内源性逆转录病毒表达在一般疾病中，特别是在炎症和自身免疫中的影响。
