Yaghan Rami, Ayoub Nehad M, Yaghan Lamees R, Baqain Eyad A, Hamouri Shadi, Mohamed Abdulla I
Department of Surgery, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR.
Department of Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 16;16(12):e75825. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75825. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Breast-related herniation (BRH) is a vague term for many clinicians. The absence of a universal nomenclature and the different nature of the herniation process involved, being true or false, contribute to this vagueness. BRH includes a spectrum of disorders ranging from a few congenital breast disorders to commoner herniation processes related to acquired breast diseases. We aim to raise multidisciplinary awareness about BRH by reviewing the related literature and reviewing our experience with BRH. We will also propose a classification for BRH. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for any herniation disorders that are related to the breast in any clinical or pathological aspect. The literature review revealed 12 various groups of BRHs that we could classify into two anatomical categories: pectoral (mammary) BRH, in which the herniations occur at the pectoral site of the chest wall, and extra-pectoral BRH, in which the herniations occur at an extra mammary site but are related to breast pathologies. Pectoral BRH was further divided into clinicopathological subcategories, including congenital BRH, pulmonary BRH complicating breast cancer and breast infections, factitious BRH, and iatrogenic BRH. Extra-pectoral BRH was further divided into clinicopathological subcategories, including abdominal wall hernias following autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) and herniated siliconomas. Our study group included 19 patients with BRHs, among which congenital BRHs and pulmonary BRHs were the most common. Congenital BRHs are rare and are of main interest to plastic surgeons. However, abdominal wall hernias following ABR, pulmonary BRH, and factitious BRHs are relatively common complications of breast cancer treatment. This calls for a multidisciplinary approach to ameliorate the morbidity of BRHs. Further studies are needed to refine our proposed classification.
乳腺相关疝（BRH）对许多临床医生来说是一个模糊的术语。缺乏通用的命名法以及所涉及的疝形成过程的不同性质（真性或假性）导致了这种模糊性。BRH包括一系列疾病，从一些先天性乳腺疾病到与后天性乳腺疾病相关的更常见的疝形成过程。我们旨在通过回顾相关文献和我们对BRH的经验来提高多学科对BRH的认识。我们还将提出BRH的分类。在PubMed和Scopus数据库中搜索了在任何临床或病理方面与乳腺相关的任何疝形成疾病。文献综述揭示了12组不同的BRH，我们可将其分为两个解剖学类别：胸肌（乳腺）BRH，其中疝出发生在胸壁的胸肌部位；胸外BRH，其中疝出发生在乳腺外部位但与乳腺病变相关。胸肌BRH进一步分为临床病理亚类，包括先天性BRH、乳腺癌和乳腺感染并发的肺部BRH、人为性BRH和医源性BRH。胸外BRH进一步分为临床病理亚类，包括自体乳腺重建（ABR）后腹壁疝和硅瘤疝出。我们的研究组包括19例BRH患者，其中先天性BRH和肺部BRH最为常见。先天性BRH很少见，主要是整形外科医生感兴趣。然而，ABR后腹壁疝、肺部BRH和人为性BRH是乳腺癌治疗相对常见的并发症。这就需要采取多学科方法来改善BRH的发病率。需要进一步研究来完善我们提出的分类。
