Macdonald Joshua C, Blanco-Portillo Javier, Feldman Marcus W, Ram Yoav
School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Evol Hum Sci. 2024 Dec 6;6:e51. doi: 10.1017/ehs.2024.45. eCollection 2024.
With its linguistic and cultural diversity, Austronesia is important in the study of evolutionary forces that generate and maintain cultural variation. By analysing publicly available datasets, we have identified four classes of cultural features in Austronesia and distinct clusters within each class. We hypothesized that there are differing modes of transmission and patterns of variation in these cultural classes and that geography alone would be insufficient to explain some of these patterns of variation. We detected relative differences in the verticality of transmission and distinct patterns of cultural variation in each cultural class. There is support for pulses and pauses in the Austronesian expansion, a west-to-east increase in isolation with explicable exceptions, and correspondence between linguistic and cultural outliers. Our results demonstrate how cultural transmission and patterns of variation can be analysed using methods inspired by population genetics.
由于其语言和文化的多样性，南岛语系地区在研究产生和维持文化变异的进化力量方面具有重要意义。通过分析公开可用的数据集，我们在南岛语系地区确定了四类文化特征以及每类中的不同集群。我们假设这些文化类别存在不同的传播模式和变异模式，仅地理因素不足以解释其中一些变异模式。我们检测到了每类文化在传播垂直性方面的相对差异以及不同的文化变异模式。有证据支持南岛语系扩张过程中的脉冲和停顿、从西到东隔离程度的增加（有可解释的例外情况）以及语言和文化异常值之间的对应关系。我们的结果表明，如何使用受群体遗传学启发的方法来分析文化传播和变异模式。
