Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Nature. 2021 Sep;597(7877):522-526. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha'a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua 'Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.
波利尼西亚人在一系列非凡的航海中跨越了横跨地球三分之一的海洋而得以定居，但定居的岛屿序列仍然未知，其时间也存在争议。目前，不同考古调查所建议的日期相差几个世纪。在这里，我们使用来自 21 个关键太平洋岛屿种群的 430 名现代个体的全基因组数据，并采用新颖的针对特定祖先的计算分析，揭示了这个广阔而分散的岛屿网络的详细遗传历史。我们对分支波利尼西亚移民序列的重建揭示了一个串行创始人扩展，其特征是定向丢失变体，该扩展起源于萨摩亚，首先通过库克群岛（拉罗汤加岛）传播，然后传播到社会群岛（特图阿泰特马）岛（11 世纪），西部的奥瓦特岛和土阿莫土群岛（12 世纪），最后传播到分布广泛但遗传上相互联系的，位于北部的马克萨斯群岛（特亨努阿恩纳）的巨石雕像建造文化，南部的拉瓦瓦埃岛，以及最东部的波利尼西亚岛屿复活节岛（拉帕努伊岛），大约在公元 1200 年通过芒阿雷瓦岛进行了定居。
