Iserson K V, Criss E A
Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Feb;14(2):119-22. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(85)81071-4.
The seriousness of hepatitis B (HBV) as an occupational hazard to health care workers is well documented. The prevalence of serologic markers for this disease in the general US population is less than 5%, but in medical and dental workers it is significantly higher: 16% in general dentists, 28% in surgeons, 23% in anesthesia personnel, and 30% in emergency department nurses. This study, done under the auspices of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), focused on the prevalence of HBV markers in emergency physicians. Twenty-five percent of the 1983 ACEP Scientific Assembly attendees participated in the serosurvey. Physicians already vaccinated against hepatitis B were excluded. The majority of participants (58%) were community emergency physicians between 30 and 39 years of age who had six or more years in emergency medicine. A total of 94% of the physicians indicated no prior history of hepatitis, and of these 13.1% had serologic markers for HBV. Including the 10 physicians with both HBV markers and history of hepatitis, the overall prevalence for markers in this study was 15.5%. This prevalence was five times greater than the general population. Emergency physicians should be considered a high-risk group for HBV infection.
乙型肝炎（HBV）作为医护人员职业健康危害的严重性已有充分记录。在美国普通人群中，这种疾病血清学标志物的患病率低于5%，但在医疗和牙科工作人员中则显著更高：普通牙医为16%，外科医生为28%，麻醉人员为23%，急诊科护士为30%。这项由美国急诊医师学会（ACEP）主持开展的研究，聚焦于急诊医师中HBV标志物的患病率。1983年ACEP科学大会的参会者中有25%参与了血清学调查。已接种乙肝疫苗的医生被排除在外。大多数参与者（58%）是年龄在30至39岁之间、从事急诊医学工作六年或更长时间的社区急诊医师。共有94%的医生表示既往无肝炎病史，其中13.1%有HBV血清学标志物。包括10名既有HBV标志物又有肝炎病史的医生在内，本研究中标志物的总体患病率为15.5%。这一患病率是普通人群的五倍。急诊医师应被视为HBV感染的高危人群。
