Giri Jamal, Bockmann Michelle, Brook Alan, Gurr Angela, Palmer Lyle, Brook O'Donnell Matthew, Hughes Toby
Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Eur J Orthod. 2024 Dec 4;47(1). doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjae076.
This study aimed to determine the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variations of palatal morphology during development.
Longitudinal three-dimensional digital maxillary dental casts of 228 twin pairs (104 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic) at primary, mixed, and permanent dentition stages were included in this study. Landmarks were placed on the casts along the midpoints of the dento-gingival junction on the palatal side of each tooth and the mid-palatine raphe using MeshLab. Palatal widths, depths, length, area, and volume were measured using those landmarks. Univariate genetic structural equation modelling was performed on twin data at each stage of dental development.
Except for anterior depth, all palatal dimensions increased significantly from the primary to permanent dentition stages. The phenotypic variance for most of the palatal dimensions during development was best explained by a model, including additive genetic and non-shared environment variance components. Variance in volume and area in the primary dentition stage was best explained by a model including additive genetic, shared environment, and non-shared environment variance components. For posterior palatal depth and width, narrow-sense heritability estimates were above 0.8 for all dental developmental stages. In contrast, heritability estimates for other palatal traits fluctuated during development.
This study was limited to twins of European ancestry.
Additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors primarily influenced palatal morphology during development. While the genetic influence on different aspects of the palate varied throughout development, it was particularly strong in the posterior region of the palate and during the permanent dentition stage.
本研究旨在确定发育过程中腭部形态表型变异的遗传和环境贡献。
本研究纳入了228对双胞胎（104对同卵双胞胎和124对异卵双胞胎）在乳牙期、混合牙列期和恒牙列期的纵向三维数字化上颌牙模。使用MeshLab在牙模上沿着每颗牙齿腭侧的牙-龈交界处中点和腭中缝放置地标点。使用这些地标点测量腭部宽度、深度、长度、面积和体积。对牙齿发育各阶段的双胞胎数据进行单变量遗传结构方程建模。
除前牙深度外，从乳牙期到恒牙列期，所有腭部尺寸均显著增加。发育过程中，大多数腭部尺寸的表型变异最好由一个模型解释，该模型包括加性遗传和非共享环境变异成分。乳牙列期体积和面积的变异最好由一个包括加性遗传、共享环境和非共享环境变异成分的模型解释。对于腭后深度和宽度，所有牙齿发育阶段的狭义遗传力估计值均高于0.8。相比之下，其他腭部特征的遗传力估计值在发育过程中波动。
本研究仅限于欧洲血统的双胞胎。
加性遗传和非共享环境因素在发育过程中主要影响腭部形态。虽然遗传对腭部不同方面的影响在整个发育过程中有所不同，但在腭部后部区域和恒牙列期尤为强烈。
