Lumpe Erin, Pascale Angela, Stephenson Mallory, Barr Peter, Cooke Megan E, Latvala Antti, Maes Hermine H M, Aaltonen Sari, Piirtola Maarit, Viken Richard, Rose Richard J, Sipilä Pyry N, Keski-Rahkonen Anna, Vuoksimaa Eero, Kaprio Jaakko, Dick Danielle M, Salvatore Jessica E
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2025 Feb;49(2):301-314. doi: 10.1111/acer.15513. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Early midlife individuals (ages 30-40) experience demographic shifts that may influence the remainder of adult life. Although new or persistent alcohol misuse is common during this period, early midlife is understudied in alcohol use literature. We examined the heritability of alcohol misuse; the associations between alcohol misuse and sociodemographic factors, physical health, and well-being; and whether these associations were robust in cotwin comparisons.
Participants were 1446 Finnish twin pairs and 748 nonpaired Finnish twins with mean age 34 years. The alcohol misuse index was a composite measure of frequency of use, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol problems assessed with the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. Early midlife correlates included relationship status and length, family formation, unemployment status, education level, self-rated health, pain, sleeping difficulties, life satisfaction, psychological health, and other substance use. We employed a sex-limitation model to estimate early midlife heritability. Linear and fixed effects regression models were used for individual and cotwin comparison analyses, respectively.
Additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components of alcohol misuse variance differed across sex (Females: A = 62%, E = 38%; Males: A = 49%, E = 51%). In individual-based analyses, higher scores on the alcohol misuse index were associated with lower relationship stability, financial situation, education level, self-rated health, physical fitness, life satisfaction and psychological health, and higher self-reported pain, sleep difficulties, unemployment rates and other substance use (R = 0.008-0.12). Associations remained significant in cotwin comparison analyses (R = 0.004-0.10) except for financial situation and education level.
There is evidence of sex differences in the etiological factors that influence early midlife drinking. After controlling for confounding familial factors, associations between alcohol misuse and poorer early midlife functioning largely remained, suggesting that alcohol misuse may play a role in poorer functioning across several outcomes.
中年早期个体（30至40岁）经历的人口结构变化可能会影响其成年后的余生。尽管在此期间新出现或持续存在的酒精滥用情况很常见，但酒精使用文献对中年早期的研究较少。我们研究了酒精滥用的遗传性；酒精滥用与社会人口学因素、身体健康和幸福感之间的关联；以及这些关联在双胞胎对照研究中是否依然显著。
参与者为1446对芬兰双胞胎和748名非配对的芬兰双胞胎，平均年龄34岁。酒精滥用指数是一个综合指标，通过马尔默改良版密歇根酒精ism筛查测试和罗格斯酒精问题指数，对饮酒频率、醉酒情况、大量饮酒发作次数以及酒精相关问题进行评估。中年早期的相关因素包括恋爱状况及时长、组建家庭情况、失业状况、教育水平、自我评估健康状况、疼痛、睡眠困难、生活满意度、心理健康状况以及其他物质使用情况。我们采用性别限制模型来估计中年早期的遗传性。线性回归模型和固定效应回归模型分别用于个体分析和双胞胎对照分析。
酒精滥用差异的加性遗传（A）和独特环境（E）成分在性别上存在差异（女性：A = 62%，E = 38%；男性：A = 49%，E = 51%）。在基于个体的分析中，酒精滥用指数得分较高与恋爱关系稳定性较低、经济状况、教育水平、自我评估健康状况、身体健康状况、生活满意度和心理健康状况较差相关，同时自我报告的疼痛、睡眠困难、失业率和其他物质使用情况较多（R = 0.008 - 0.12）。除经济状况和教育水平外，这些关联在双胞胎对照分析中依然显著（R = 0.004 - 0.10）。
有证据表明影响中年早期饮酒的病因因素存在性别差异。在控制了混杂的家庭因素后，酒精滥用与中年早期功能较差之间的关联在很大程度上依然存在，这表明酒精滥用可能在多个方面导致功能较差。
