Scamman F L, Klein S L, Choi W W
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1985 Jan-Feb;94(1 Pt 1):21-4. doi: 10.1177/000348948509400105.
For many surgical procedures in otolaryngology general anesthesia is not required, but it is difficult to block completely all noxious sensations with local or topical anesthesia. Intravenously administered antianxiety and analgesic drugs can make the procedure more tolerable for the patient. A technique of conscious sedation based upon titrating diazepam to specific eye signs and fentanyl to specific end points is described. Safety is maintained by ensuring that the patient is always in verbal contact with the surgeon. The rationale for administering the sedative before the narcotic is presented along with the treatment of side effects and untoward responses to the drugs.
对于许多耳鼻喉科手术，并不需要全身麻醉，但使用局部或表面麻醉很难完全阻断所有的有害感觉。静脉注射抗焦虑和镇痛药物可使患者更能耐受手术。本文描述了一种基于根据特定眼部体征滴定地西泮以及根据特定终点滴定芬太尼的清醒镇静技术。通过确保患者始终能与外科医生进行语言交流来维持安全性。文中还介绍了在使用麻醉剂之前给予镇静剂的基本原理以及药物副作用和不良反应的处理方法。
