Li Qihui, Zhang Qianzi, Su Senlin, Yang Siwang, Shao Jiayuan, Guan Wutai, Zhang Shihai
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
J Adv Res. 2024 Dec 19. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.029.
Maternal fish oil (FO) supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes. FO is recognized as dietary source for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). While early research has focused on the benefits of n-3 PUFAs for fetal neurodevelopment, retinal maturation and neonatal behavior, their roles in the placenta during late pregnancy and in the mammary gland during lactation still remain unknow.
Here, we aim to clarify the mechanisms by which maternal supplementation with FO during pregnancy and lactation affects placental and mammary gland function.
We evaluated the effects of FO on maternal placental nutrient transport, mammary gland milk synthesis and offspring growth. We then explored the molecular mechanisms by which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects the biological function of placental trophoblast cells and mammary epithelial cells through in vitro experiments. Finally, a lipopolysaccharide-challenged experiment was performed to access the potential of maternal FO supplementation in alleviating offspring intestinal inflammation.
Maternal supplementation with FO during late pregnancy increased offspring birth weight, associated with enhanced maternal placental vascularization and nutrient transporter abundance. Additionally, maternal FO supplementation during lactation improved milk biosynthesis, increasing the fat, protein, and non-fat solids content in both colostrum and mature milk, thereby promoting offspring growth. The stimulatory effects of DHA on nutrient transportation in placental trophoblast cells and nutrient secretion in mammary gland epithelial cells were mediated by GPR120 signaling pathways. Furthermore, maternal FO supplementation strengthened the placental barrier, reduced placental inflammation, oxidative stress and alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in offspring.
Maternal FO supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation enhances offspring growth by increasing placental nutrient transport and milk biosynthesis, mediated by GPR120. Additionally, maternal FO supplementation reduces the susceptibility of offspring to intestinal inflammation.
孕期补充母体鱼油（FO）已被证明可改善妊娠结局。FO被认为是n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）的膳食来源。虽然早期研究集中在n-3 PUFAs对胎儿神经发育、视网膜成熟和新生儿行为的益处，但它们在妊娠晚期胎盘和哺乳期乳腺中的作用仍不清楚。
在此，我们旨在阐明孕期和哺乳期母体补充FO影响胎盘和乳腺功能的机制。
我们评估了FO对母体胎盘营养转运、乳腺乳汁合成和后代生长的影响。然后，我们通过体外实验探索了二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）影响胎盘滋养层细胞和乳腺上皮细胞生物学功能的分子机制。最后，进行了脂多糖刺激实验，以评估母体补充FO在减轻后代肠道炎症方面的潜力。
妊娠晚期母体补充FO可增加后代出生体重，这与母体胎盘血管生成增强和营养转运蛋白丰度增加有关。此外，哺乳期母体补充FO可改善乳汁生物合成，增加初乳和成熟乳中的脂肪、蛋白质和非脂固形物含量，从而促进后代生长。DHA对胎盘滋养层细胞营养转运和乳腺上皮细胞营养分泌的刺激作用由GPR120信号通路介导。此外，母体补充FO可增强胎盘屏障，减少胎盘炎症、氧化应激，并减轻后代脂多糖诱导的肠道炎症。
妊娠晚期和哺乳期母体补充FO可通过增加胎盘营养转运和乳汁生物合成来促进后代生长，这一过程由GPR120介导。此外，母体补充FO可降低后代对肠道炎症的易感性。
