Yan Kai, Tang Yuhao, Zong Yan, Xu Qunna, Sun Xiaodan
College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
Small. 2025 Feb;21(6):e2410244. doi: 10.1002/smll.202410244. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Soft actuators with multi-stimuli response have shown promising applications in soft intelligent robots. However, most soft actuators are limited by the unidirectional actuation and self-perception capabilities. Here, a bilayer self-sensing actuator with bidirectional actuation is proposed, which showed exceptional bidirectional actuation, self-sensing of temperature and moisture, and smart solar panel. The actuator layer consisted of the powerful hygroscopic sensitivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS), and the conductive carbon black (CB). The structural layer is hydrophobic polyurea (PUU). The bilayer self-sensing actuator is bent to one side under NIR or temperature stimulation (curvature reaches 3.8 cm) and bent to opposite side with moisture stimulation (curvature reaches -4.6 cm). Moreover, various bionic robots, weightlifting, and selective grasping robots are demonstrated. Simultaneously, owing to CB gradient, the bilayer sensing actuators can detect movement in different bending directions with a fast response speed (82 ms). In addition, when moisture increased, the smart solar panel bent to downward and cleaned the debris. Upon the sunshine, the smart solar panel faced to sun and maximized power output. More interestingly, the smart solar panel can monitor its bending degree and orientation. The proposed bilayer self-sensing actuator paved the way for advancements in artificial intelligence robots.
具有多刺激响应的软驱动器在软智能机器人领域展现出了广阔的应用前景。然而，大多数软驱动器受到单向驱动和自我感知能力的限制。在此，我们提出了一种具有双向驱动功能的双层自感知驱动器，它展现出了卓越的双向驱动能力、温度和湿度自感知能力以及智能太阳能面板功能。驱动器层由具有强大吸湿敏感性的聚乙烯醇（PVA）、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）和导电炭黑（CB）组成。结构层是疏水性聚脲（PUU）。该双层自感知驱动器在近红外或温度刺激下向一侧弯曲（曲率达到3.8厘米），在湿度刺激下向相反一侧弯曲（曲率达到-4.6厘米）。此外，还展示了各种仿生机器人、举重机器人和选择性抓取机器人。同时，由于CB梯度，双层传感驱动器能够以快速响应速度（82毫秒）检测不同弯曲方向的运动。此外，当湿度增加时，智能太阳能面板向下弯曲并清理杂物。在阳光照射下，智能太阳能面板朝向太阳并实现最大功率输出。更有趣的是，智能太阳能面板能够监测其弯曲程度和方向。所提出的双层自感知驱动器为人工智能机器人的发展铺平了道路。
