Rozov S M, Deineko E V
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2024 May-Jun;58(3):385-402.
The development and creation of a new generation vaccines based on recombinant proteins that assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), as well as recombinant proteins in the form of nanoparticles, are promising directions in modern biotechnology. Due to their large size (20-200 nm) and multiplicity of viral antigenic determinants on the surface, VLPs can stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The main types of VLPs, as well as the features and disadvantages of the main expression systems used for their biosynthesis, are considered in this review. The main focus was on plant expression systems that ensure the biosynthesis of a target recombinant protein from a DNA matrix integrated into the nuclear or chloroplast genomes of a plant (stable expression) or from a matrix for temporary production of the target product (transient expression). Various approaches for increasing the yield of VLP-forming recombinant proteins, including fusion with a transit peptide that directed the protein into the chloroplast, were discussed. The possibility of accumulation of recombinant proteins expressed in plants and intended for creation of VLP-vaccines in another type of nanoparticle, protein bodies, using specific signal sequences was also considered.
基于组装成病毒样颗粒（VLP）的重组蛋白以及纳米颗粒形式的重组蛋白开发和创制新一代疫苗，是现代生物技术中很有前景的方向。由于VLP尺寸较大（20 - 200纳米）且表面存在多种病毒抗原决定簇，它们能够刺激强烈的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。本文综述了VLP的主要类型以及用于其生物合成的主要表达系统的特点和缺点。主要关注点是植物表达系统，该系统可确保从整合到植物核基因组或叶绿体基因组中的DNA模板（稳定表达）或从用于临时生产目标产物的模板（瞬时表达）生物合成目标重组蛋白。讨论了提高形成VLP的重组蛋白产量的各种方法，包括与引导蛋白进入叶绿体的转运肽融合。还考虑了利用特定信号序列在植物中表达并用于创制VLP疫苗的重组蛋白在另一种纳米颗粒即蛋白体中积累的可能性。
