Hamama-Raz Yaira, Ben-Ezra Menachem, Levin Yafit
Ariel University, School of Social Work, Ariel, Israel.
Ariel University, School of Social Work, Ariel, Israel.
Psychiatry Res. 2025 Feb;344:116331. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116331. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
The current study explored grief reaction profiles after the October 7th, 2023, Israeli massacre regarding the loss of significant others. It investigated factors worsening pre-existing grief in 2,028 adult civilians, with 1,263 reporting pre- or post-massacre loss. Participants completed self-reports on prolonged grief disorder (PGD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD (CPTSD), cognitive emotional regulation (CER), and assumptive worldviews. Latent class analysis identified four classes of probable PGD among those with lifetime loss: "high PGD-both core and emotional pain" (35.9 %); "Medium PGD-emotional pain" (6.9 %); "medium to high PGD-high core, medium emotional pain" (23 %); and "low PGD-both core and emotional pain" (34.5 %). The subsample analysis of individuals experiencing lifetime loss with concurrent October 7th loss indicated three classes of probable PGD: "high PGD symptoms" (47.9 %), "high to medium PGD-high core with medium emotional pain symptoms" (15.9 %), and "low PGD symptoms" (36.2 %). The subsample analysis of those who experienced concurrent recent loss related to the October 7th attack showed two classes related to indicative of acute grief: "high PGD symptoms" (69 %), and "low PGD symptoms" (31 %). Negative CER coping strategies were associated significantly with the high PGD in all three groups, and with increased risk of PTSD and CPTSD symptoms compared to the "low PGD symptoms" group. Collective bereavement amid collective trauma can activate prior individual grief reactions, even without current losses from the traumatic event. Those experiencing loss tied to severe traumatic events may face higher susceptibility to developing pathological grief.
当前的研究探讨了2023年10月7日以色列大屠杀后，民众在痛失重要他人后的悲伤反应特征。该研究调查了2028名成年平民中，导致其原有悲伤情绪恶化的因素，其中1263人报告在大屠杀之前或之后经历了亲人离世。参与者完成了关于持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、复杂性创伤后应激障碍（CPTSD）、认知情绪调节（CER）和假设世界观的自我报告。潜在类别分析在有过终生亲人离世经历的人群中，确定了四类可能的持续性悲伤障碍：“高PGD——核心与情感痛苦兼具”（35.9%）；“中度PGD——情感痛苦”（6.9%）；“中度至高度PGD——高核心、中度情感痛苦”（23%）；以及“低PGD——核心与情感痛苦兼具”（34.5%）。对在2023年10月7日同时经历亲人离世的终生亲人离世者的子样本分析表明，存在三类可能的持续性悲伤障碍：“高PGD症状”（47.9%）、“高至中度PGD——高核心且伴有中度情感痛苦症状”（15.9%）和“低PGD症状”（36.2%）。对那些近期经历了与2023年10月7日袭击相关亲人离世的子样本分析显示，有两类与急性悲伤相关：“高PGD症状”（69%）和“低PGD症状”（31%）。消极的CER应对策略在所有三组中均与高PGD显著相关，并且与“低PGD症状”组相比，PTSD和CPTSD症状的风险增加。集体创伤中的集体丧亲之痛，即使没有因创伤事件导致的当前亲人离世，也可能激活先前的个人悲伤反应。那些经历与严重创伤事件相关亲人离世的人，可能更容易出现病理性悲伤。
