Retinitis Pigmentosa and Therapeutic Candidates.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a class of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) that involves the degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells and results in progressive vision loss. It was identified and named in 1857. For over 100 years, treatment of RP was generally limited to modifications in diet, management of cystoid macular edema, and supportive care for low vision. Over the last several decades, advances in technology and our understanding of the human genome have led to a host of new therapeutic candidates for the treatment of RP. This includes gene and cell therapy, optogenetics, neuroprotective agents, and electronic retinal implants. In this article, we summarize both the traditional and novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.