Li Xuehua, Zhang He, Yang He, Song Yingli, Zhang Fengpei, Wang Aiping
Training Center for Clinical Skills and Medical staff, General Hospital of Northern Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Public Buniness Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Public Health Nurs. 2025 Mar-Apr;42(2):1060-1071. doi: 10.1111/phn.13504. Epub 2024 Dec 22.
To conduct a comprehensive review of reversible factors associated with breast cancer, with the aim of offering insights for the creation of early intervention strategies for breast cancer prevention.
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to breast cancer risk. Searches were limited to literature published from the inception of each database up to May 1, 2024. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality and evidence synthesis of the studies included in our review.
We included 31 systematic reviews in our analysis, and breast cancer risk factors were divided into four categories: diet and lifestyle habits, reproductive and familial factors, body weight and physical activity, and environmental and miscellaneous factors.
Our findings suggest that a high-fat diet, low intake of dietary fiber, alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity are linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. Conversely, physical activity and breastfeeding appear to lower breast cancer risk. However, the methodological and evidence quality of the reviewed studies was generally low, necessitating caution in the application of these findings. Additionally, there is a need for more research into lifestyle interventions to better develop and advocate for effective breast cancer prevention strategies.
对与乳腺癌相关的可逆因素进行全面综述，旨在为制定乳腺癌预防的早期干预策略提供见解。
系统检索PubMed、EMBASE和Scopus数据库，以收集与乳腺癌风险相关的系统评价和荟萃分析。检索限于从每个数据库创建至2024年5月1日发表的文献。两名研究人员独立筛选文献、提取数据，并评估纳入本综述的研究的方法学质量和证据综合情况。
我们的分析纳入了31项系统评价，乳腺癌风险因素分为四类：饮食和生活习惯、生殖和家族因素、体重和身体活动，以及环境和其他因素。
我们的研究结果表明，高脂肪饮食、膳食纤维摄入量低、饮酒、吸烟和肥胖与较高的乳腺癌风险相关。相反，身体活动和母乳喂养似乎能降低乳腺癌风险。然而，所审查研究的方法学和证据质量普遍较低，在应用这些研究结果时需谨慎。此外，需要对生活方式干预进行更多研究，以更好地制定和倡导有效的乳腺癌预防策略。
