methanolic extract FeO@Carbon nanocomposite as biological approach for protection against the Moth.

Plant-based nano-insecticides like provide eco-friendly pest control with low resistance risk. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the FeO @Carbon nanoformulation of extract with a carbon shell and pure extract against (eggs and larvae), a significant potato pest in Iran. A modified solvothermal method produced highly water-dispersible magnetite (FeO) particles, with citrate as a stabilising agent. A carbon layer was added through hydrothermal treatment, using polyethylene glycol as a linking agent between glucose and the FeO spheres. SEM analysis confirmed the structure of the FeO@Carbon nanocomposite, while FTIR and EDS verified the methanolic extract's presence. The FeO@Carbon nano extract demonstrated greater toxicity to the pest's eggs and larvae than the pure extract, with lower LC values (752.23-355 ppm), indicating higher potency. These findings confirm that FeO@Carbon nanoparticles are effective, pollution-free, and green nano-insecticides against .