Iravani Siavash, Zarepour Atefeh, Khosravi Arezoo, Zarrabi Ali
Independent Researcher W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave Isfahan Iran
Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai-600 077 India.
Nanoscale Adv. 2024 Dec 16;7(3):670-699. doi: 10.1039/d4na00867g. eCollection 2025 Jan 28.
Recently, interest has surged in the environmental and biomedical applications of two-dimensional transition metal borides, commonly referred to as MBenes. These materials have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors. Additionally, MBenes have shown remarkable catalytic activity due to their high surface area and tunable electronic properties. They exhibit significant promise in various catalytic applications, particularly in nitrogen reduction reactions (NRRs), electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides, and several electrochemical reactions such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, MBenes have shown great potential in water treatment and pollutant removal applications, such as desalination and water purification. Their high water permeability, ion selectivity, and excellent stability make them suitable for efficient water treatment processes. On the other hand, MBenes are emerging as versatile materials with significant potential in various biomedical applications, particularly in biosensing, cancer therapy, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, several challenges hinder their practical implementation in biomedical and environmental fields. One significant issue is the scalability of synthesis methods; producing MBenes in large quantities while maintaining high purity and uniformity is often complex and costly. Moreover, the stability of MBenes and their composites under different environmental and biological conditions raises concerns, as they may undergo degradation or lose their functional properties over time, which could limit their long-term effectiveness. Additionally, there is a need for comprehensive toxicity assessments to ensure the safety of MBenes in biomedical applications, particularly when interacting with human tissues or biological systems. This review aims to systematically investigate the environmental and biomedical applications of MBenes and their composites, emphasizing their unique characteristics and potential roles in addressing pressing global challenges. Furthermore, the review will identify and discuss the existing challenges and limitations in the operational performance of MBenes and their composites, providing a critical assessment of their current state in various applications.
最近，二维过渡金属硼化物（通常称为MBenes）在环境和生物医学应用方面的关注度激增。这些材料已成为电池和超级电容器等储能设备的有前途的候选材料。此外，MBenes因其高表面积和可调节的电子特性而表现出显著的催化活性。它们在各种催化应用中展现出巨大潜力，特别是在氮还原反应（NRR）、氮氧化物的电催化转化以及析氧反应（OER）、氧还原反应（ORR）和析氢反应（HER）等几种电化学反应中。值得注意的是，MBenes在水处理和污染物去除应用中，如海水淡化和水净化，显示出巨大潜力。它们的高水渗透性、离子选择性和出色的稳定性使其适用于高效的水处理过程。另一方面，MBenes正成为具有多种用途的材料，在各种生物医学应用中具有巨大潜力，特别是在生物传感、癌症治疗和神经退行性疾病的治疗方面。然而，一些挑战阻碍了它们在生物医学和环境领域的实际应用。一个重要问题是合成方法的可扩展性；大量生产MBenes同时保持高纯度和均匀性通常很复杂且成本高昂。此外，MBenes及其复合材料在不同环境和生物条件下的稳定性引发了担忧，因为它们可能会随着时间的推移而降解或失去其功能特性，这可能会限制它们的长期有效性。此外，需要进行全面的毒性评估，以确保MBenes在生物医学应用中的安全性，特别是在与人体组织或生物系统相互作用时。本综述旨在系统地研究MBenes及其复合材料的环境和生物医学应用，强调它们在应对紧迫的全球挑战方面的独特特性和潜在作用。此外，该综述将识别并讨论MBenes及其复合材料在运行性能方面存在的现有挑战和局限性，对它们在各种应用中的当前状态进行批判性评估。
