Cizkova Jana, Dolezal Ondrej Jan, Buchta Vojtech, Pospichal Jan, Blanar Vit, Sinkorova Zuzana, Carrillo Anna
Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia.
Department of Clinical Subspecialties, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 6;11:1450776. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1450776. eCollection 2024.
The past 30 years have brought undeniable progress in medicine, biology, physics, and research. Knowledge of the nature of the human body, diseases, and disorders has been constantly improving, and the same is true regarding their treatment and diagnosis. One of the greatest advances in recent years has been the introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) into medicine. NPs refer to a material at a nanometer scale (0.1-100 nm) with features (specific physical, chemical, and biological properties) that are broadly and increasingly used in the medical field. Their applications in cancer treatment and radiotherapy seem particularly attractive. In this field, inorganic/metal NPs with high atomic number Z have been employed mainly due to their ability to enhance ionizing radiation's photoelectric and Compton effects and thereby increase conventional radiation therapy's efficacy. The improvement NPs enable relates to their enhanced permeation ability and longer retention effect in tumor cells, capacity to reduce toxicity of commercially available cancer drugs through advanced NPs drug delivery systems, radiation sensitizers of tumors, or enhancers of radiation doses to tumors. Advanced options according to size, core, and surface modification allow even such multimodal approaches in therapy as nanotheranostics or combined treatments. The current state of knowledge emphasizes the role of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in sensitizing tumors to radiation. We have reviewed AuNPs and their radiosensitizing power during radiation treatment. Our results are divided into groups based on AuNPs' surface modification and/or core structure design. This study provides a complete summary of the sensitizing effect of AuNPs, surface-modified AuNPs, and AuNPs combined with different elements, providing evidence for further successful veterinarian and clinical implementation.
过去30年里，医学、生物学、物理学及研究领域都取得了不可否认的进展。对人体本质、疾病及功能紊乱的认识一直在不断提高，其治疗和诊断方面亦是如此。近年来最大的进展之一是纳米颗粒（NPs）被引入医学领域。纳米颗粒是指尺寸在纳米级（0.1 - 100纳米）的材料，具有多种特性（特定的物理、化学和生物学性质），这些特性在医学领域得到了广泛且日益增加的应用。它们在癌症治疗和放射治疗中的应用似乎特别有吸引力。在这个领域，高原子序数Z的无机/金属纳米颗粒主要因其能够增强电离辐射的光电效应和康普顿效应，从而提高传统放射治疗的疗效而被采用。纳米颗粒带来的改善涉及它们在肿瘤细胞中增强的渗透能力和更长的滞留效应、通过先进的纳米颗粒药物递送系统降低市售抗癌药物毒性的能力、肿瘤的辐射增敏剂作用或对肿瘤辐射剂量的增强作用。根据尺寸、核心和表面修饰的先进选择甚至允许在治疗中采用诸如纳米诊疗或联合治疗等多模态方法。当前的知识状况强调了金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）在使肿瘤对辐射敏感方面的作用。我们综述了金纳米颗粒及其在放射治疗期间的放射增敏能力。我们的结果根据金纳米颗粒的表面修饰和/或核心结构设计进行了分组。本研究全面总结了金纳米颗粒、表面修饰金纳米颗粒以及与不同元素结合的金纳米颗粒的增敏效果，为兽医和临床进一步成功应用提供了证据。
