Huffman J L, Bagley D H, Lyon E S, Morse M J, Herr H W, Whitmore W F
Cancer. 1985 Mar 15;55(6):1422-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19850315)55:6<1422::aid-cncr2820550642>3.0.co;2-f.
The technique of transurethral ureteropyeloscopy allows many standard cystoscopic procedures to be extended into the upper urinary tract. This endoscopic method was used to evaluate 31 patients suspected to have urothelial malignancies of the ureter or renal pelvis. Twenty-eight of the patients had the procedure successfully completed (90%), 11 of whom were found to have urothelial tumors. Diagnostic ureteroscopic biopsy in three of these patients revealed high-grade, multifocal tumors and was followed by nephroureterectomy (two patients) or partial ureterectomy (one patient). However, in eight patients, ureteroscopy and biopsy revealed apparently localized, low-grade tumors which were treated by ureteroscopic fulguration or resection. The latter patients have undergone endoscopic surveillance every 3 months (average follow-up, 21 months). The technique of ureteropyeloscopy permits endoscopic access into the ureter and renal pelvis, enabling tissue diagnosis and better preoperative cancer staging without surgical exploration. Although follow-up is short, selected patients with low-grade tumors may be treated primarily by endoscopic means.
经尿道输尿管肾盂镜检查技术可使许多标准的膀胱镜检查程序扩展至上尿路。这种内镜检查方法用于评估31例疑似输尿管或肾盂尿路上皮恶性肿瘤的患者。28例患者成功完成了该操作（90%），其中11例被发现患有尿路上皮肿瘤。对其中3例患者进行的诊断性输尿管镜活检显示为高级别、多灶性肿瘤，随后进行了肾输尿管切除术（2例患者）或部分输尿管切除术（1例患者）。然而，在8例患者中，输尿管镜检查和活检显示为明显局限性的低级别肿瘤，这些患者接受了输尿管镜电灼或切除术治疗。后一组患者每3个月接受一次内镜监测（平均随访21个月）。输尿管肾盂镜检查技术允许内镜进入输尿管和肾盂，无需手术探查即可进行组织诊断并更好地进行术前癌症分期。尽管随访时间较短，但部分低级别肿瘤患者可能主要通过内镜手段进行治疗。
