“努力表现得正常”：自闭症特质与抑郁症状关联中同理心和伪装的调节中介分析
'Struggling to appear normal': a moderated mediational analysis of empathy and camouflaging in the association between autistic traits and depressive symptoms.
作者信息
Lu Minghui, Pang Feifan, Peng Tianyu, Liu Yong, Wang Rong
机构信息
School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Int J Dev Disabil. 2023 Feb 28;70(8):1422-1432. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2181273. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Camouflaging or camouflaging autistic traits-strategies that hide social impairments to match societal norms-has been linked to empathy and depressive symptoms in autism research. Much epidemiological evidence has further revealed that characteristics of autism and autistic traits are distributed continuously throughout the general population. Nonetheless, the relationship between these variables in the Chinese general population is unclear.
METHOD
The present study aimed to elucidate the relationships between autistic traits, empathy, camouflaging, and depressive symptoms in a subclinical sample of 1215 Chinese university students of ages 18-27, using self-report assessments.
RESULTS
Correlational analysis revealed that autistic traits, camouflaging, and depressive symptoms were significantly intercorrelated. Empathy was significantly correlated with autistic traits and camouflaging. Mediation analysis revealed that camouflaging mediated the positive link between autistic traits and depressive symptoms. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the first stage mediated path (autistic traits → camouflaging) was weaker for students with lower levels of empathy.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that camouflaging is a key contributor in the positive association between autistic traits and depressive symptoms, and that empathy help stimulate the development and maintenance of camouflaging.
背景
在自闭症研究中，伪装或伪装自闭症特征（即隐藏社交障碍以符合社会规范的策略）已与同理心和抑郁症状相关联。大量流行病学证据进一步表明，自闭症特征在普通人群中呈连续分布。然而，在中国普通人群中，这些变量之间的关系尚不清楚。
方法
本研究旨在通过自我报告评估，阐明1215名年龄在18至27岁的中国大学生亚临床样本中，自闭症特征、同理心、伪装和抑郁症状之间的关系。
结果
相关分析显示，自闭症特征、伪装和抑郁症状之间存在显著的相互关联。同理心与自闭症特征和伪装显著相关。中介分析表明，伪装介导了自闭症特征与抑郁症状之间的正向联系。调节中介分析进一步表明，对于同理心水平较低的学生，第一阶段的中介路径（自闭症特征→伪装）较弱。
结论
研究结果表明，伪装是自闭症特征与抑郁症状之间正相关关系的关键因素，且同理心有助于促进伪装的发展和维持。
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