Sims L D
Rev Sci Tech. 2024 Dec;Special Edition:83-88. doi: 10.20506/rst.SE.3562.
Avian influenza is not a new disease, but the emergence of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage (Gs/GD) has necessitated fundamental changes to prevention and control strategies for this disease. No longer just an avian disease, avian influenza is capable of causing severe disease in humans and is considered a potential human pandemic threat requiring One Health approaches. In addition, Gs/GD HPAI viruses have developed the capacity to be carried across and between continents by migratory birds. Given the persistence of the current A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in wild birds, enhanced measures to prevent and control infection will be needed. In most countries, infection in poultry can be eliminated, although questions will remain about the sustainability of repeated stamping out. Systematic preventive vaccination should be seriously considered as a method for reducing the number of outbreaks. HPAI will not be eliminated from countries where Gs/GD viruses remain enzootic until major changes are made to the way that poultry are reared and sold, vaccination is improved and other factors that inhibit reporting and response are overcome. Currently, focus lies on Gs/GD HPAI, yet control of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses also requires attention, including the development of vaccines that are appropriately matched to circulating strains of virus.
禽流感并非新出现的疾病，但A/鹅/广东/1/96谱系（Gs/GD）的高致病性禽流感（HPAI）病毒的出现，使得这种疾病的预防和控制策略必须做出根本性改变。禽流感不再仅仅是一种禽类疾病，它能够在人类中引发严重疾病，被视为一种潜在的人类大流行威胁，需要采取“同一健康”方法应对。此外，Gs/GD HPAI病毒已具备通过候鸟在各大洲之间传播的能力。鉴于当前A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b分支病毒在野生鸟类中持续存在，需要加强预防和控制感染的措施。在大多数国家，家禽感染情况可以消除，不过反复扑杀的可持续性仍存在问题。应认真考虑将系统性预防性疫苗接种作为减少疫情爆发次数的一种方法。在Gs/GD病毒仍然地方性流行的国家，除非对家禽的饲养和销售方式做出重大改变、改进疫苗接种并克服其他抑制报告和应对的因素，否则HPAI无法消除。目前，重点在于Gs/GD HPAI，但低致病性禽流感病毒的控制也需要关注，包括研发与流行病毒株适当匹配的疫苗。
