Hussain Shaik Althaf, Ramasamy Mohankumar, Shaik Mohammed Rafi, Shaik Baji, Deepak Paramasivam, Thiyagarajulu Nathiya, Matharasi Antonyraj Anahas Perianaika, Guru Ajay
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, India.
Chem Biodivers. 2025 May;22(5):e202402476. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202402476. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
The fungus Candida albicans is a prominent cariogenic fungal agent that works in association with Streptococcus mutans to accelerate the formation of oral cancer and tooth decay. This study evaluates caffeine-encapsulated titanium oxide nanoparticles (CF-TiO NPs) for their potential to prevent biofilm formation on teeth and enhance oral anticancer treatment by influencing apoptotic gene regulation. The synthesized CF-TiO NPs were characterized using ultraviolet, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, and their antioxidant activity was confirmed through free radical quenching studies. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using a zone of inhibition test, revealing strong activity against dental pathogens with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 80 µg/mL. Molecular docking using AutoDock explored interactions between CF and biofilm target sites, supporting their inhibitory potential. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on KB cancer cells showed a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxic effects, with CF-TiO NPs promoting apoptotic gene upregulation at concentrations of 20-160 µg/mL. CF-TiO NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, showcasing their promise for oral therapeutic applications. This research highlights a novel approach to managing oral infections and associated complications while improving systemic oral health. Notably, this study is the first to report the biofilm-inhibitory and anticancer potential of CF-TiO NPs.
白色念珠菌是一种重要的致龋真菌病原体，它与变形链球菌协同作用，加速口腔癌和龋齿的形成。本研究评估了咖啡因包裹的二氧化钛纳米颗粒（CF-TiO NPs）在预防牙齿生物膜形成以及通过影响凋亡基因调控增强口腔抗癌治疗方面的潜力。通过紫外、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对合成的CF-TiO NPs进行了表征，并通过自由基猝灭研究证实了其抗氧化活性。使用抑菌圈试验评估抗菌效果，结果显示对牙科病原体具有强大活性，最低抑菌浓度为80 µg/mL。使用AutoDock进行的分子对接探索了CF与生物膜靶位点之间的相互作用，支持了它们的抑制潜力。对KB癌细胞的体外细胞毒性研究表明，细胞毒性作用呈剂量依赖性增加，CF-TiO NPs在20-160 µg/mL浓度下促进凋亡基因上调。CF-TiO NPs表现出优异的抗氧化、抗菌和抗癌特性，展示了它们在口腔治疗应用中的前景。这项研究突出了一种管理口腔感染及相关并发症同时改善全身口腔健康的新方法。值得注意的是，本研究首次报道了CF-TiO NPs的生物膜抑制和抗癌潜力。
