Zhang Zhiguang, Abdeta Chalchisa, Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel, Del Pozo-Cruz Jesús, Draper Catherine E, Engberg Elina, Florindo Alex, Germana Leyna, Ghofranipour Fazlollah, Guan Hongyan, Ha Amy Sau-Ching, Hamdouchi Asmaa El, Tang Hong K, Hossain Mohammed Sorowar, Jambaldorj Bayasgalan, Kim Dong Hoon, Koh Denise, Kontsevaya Anna, Löf Marie, Lubree Himangi, Jáuregui Alejandra, Munambah Nyaradzai, Mwase-Vuma Tawonga, Oluwayomi Aoko, Pham Bang Nguyen, Reilly John J, Staiano Amanda E, Suherman Adang, Tanaka Chiaki, Tanui Stephen, Teo Wei-Peng, Tremblay Mark S, Turab Ali, Užičanin Edin, Veldman Sanne L C, Webster E Kipling, Wickramasinghe V Pujitha, Widyastari Dyah Anantalia, Okely Anthony
Early Start, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Research Laboratory (LR23JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.
Sleep. 2025 Apr 11;48(4). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae305.
To examine (1) multidimensional sleep profiles in preschoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and (2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).
Participants were 3507 preschoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n = 1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured. Mixed models were used to estimate the marginal means of sleep characteristics by region and examine the differences.
Geocultural region explained up to 30% of variance in sleep characteristics. A pattern of short nighttime sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and long nap duration was observed in Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia. The second pattern, with later sleep midpoints and greater night-to-night sleep variability, was observed in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Compared to the Minority World, less optimal sleep characteristics were observed in several Majority World regions, with medium-to-large effect sizes (∣d∣=0.48-2.35). Several Majority World regions reported more frequent parental smartphone use during bedtime routines (Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia: 0.77-0.99 units) and were more likely to have electronic devices in children's bedroom (Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia: OR = 5.97-16.57) and co-sleeping arrangement (Asia, Latin America: OR = 7.05-49.86), compared to the Minority World.
Preschoolers' sleep profiles and related family practices vary across geocultural regions, which should be considered in sleep health promotion initiatives and policies.
考察（1）不同地理文化区域3至6岁学龄前儿童的多维睡眠状况，以及（2）世界主要地区（太平洋岛屿、撒哈拉以南非洲、东欧、东北亚、东南亚、南亚、中东和北非以及拉丁美洲）与世界少数地区（西方世界）在睡眠特征和家庭习惯方面的差异。
研究对象为来自37个国家的3507名学龄前儿童。测量夜间睡眠特征、午睡时长（加速度计测量：n = 1950）以及家庭习惯（家长问卷调查）。采用混合模型估计各区域睡眠特征的边际均值并检验差异。
地理文化区域解释了睡眠特征中高达30%的方差。在东欧、东北亚和东南亚观察到夜间睡眠时间短、睡眠效率低和午睡时间长的模式。在南亚、中东和北非以及拉丁美洲观察到第二种模式，即睡眠中点较晚且夜间睡眠变异性更大。与世界少数地区相比，在几个世界主要地区观察到睡眠特征不太理想，效应大小为中到大型（∣d∣ = 0.48 - 2.35）。与世界少数地区相比，几个世界主要地区报告称，在睡前日常活动中家长使用智能手机的频率更高（东北亚、东南亚：0.77 - 0.99单位），儿童卧室中更有可能有电子设备（东欧、拉丁美洲、南亚：OR = 5.97 - 16.57）以及同睡安排（亚洲、拉丁美洲：OR = 7.05 - 49.86）。
学龄前儿童的睡眠状况及相关家庭习惯因地理文化区域而异，在促进睡眠健康的倡议和政策中应予以考虑。
