Berdugo S, Cohen E, Davis A J, Matsuzawa T, Carvalho S
School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Mar;9(3):472-480. doi: 10.1038/s41562-024-02071-8. Epub 2024 Dec 23.
Variation in the efficiency of extracting calorie-rich and nutrient-dense resources directly impacts energy expenditure and potentially has important repercussions for cultural transmission where social learning strategies are used. Assessing variation in efficiency is key to understanding the evolution of complex behavioural traits in primates. Here we examine evidence for individual-level differences beyond age- and sex-class in non-human primate extractive foraging efficiency. We used 25 years (1992-2017) of video of 21 chimpanzees aged ≥6 years in Bossou, Guinea, to longitudinally investigate individual-level differences in stone tool use efficiency. Data from 3,882 oil-palm nut-cracking bouts from >800 h of observation were collected. We found reliability in relative efficiency across four measures of nut-cracking efficiency, as well as a significant effect of age. Our findings highlight the importance of longitudinal data from long-term field sites when investigating underlying cognitive and behavioural diversity across individual lifespans and between populations.
直接获取富含卡路里和营养丰富资源的效率差异，直接影响能量消耗，并可能对采用社会学习策略的文化传播产生重要影响。评估效率差异是理解灵长类动物复杂行为特征进化的关键。在这里，我们研究了非人类灵长类动物提取性觅食效率中年龄和性别类别之外个体水平差异的证据。我们使用了25年（1992 - 2017年）来自几内亚博苏的21只年龄≥6岁黑猩猩的视频，纵向研究石器使用效率的个体水平差异。收集了超过800小时观察中的3882次油棕榈坚果开裂事件的数据。我们发现，在坚果开裂效率的四项指标中，相对效率具有可靠性，并且年龄有显著影响。我们的研究结果强调了在调查个体寿命期间和种群之间潜在的认知和行为多样性时，来自长期野外地点的纵向数据的重要性。
