Fatih Harem Jamal, Ashengroph Morahem, Sharifi Aram, Zorab Musa Moetasam
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Dec 23;24(1):535. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03699-2.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a serious threat to health, highlighting the urgent need for more effective antimicrobial agents with innovative mechanisms of action. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions by enabling the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence effects of eco-friendly synthesized α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃-NPs) against pathogenic bacteria.
The α-FeO-NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis method that involved Bacillus sp. GMS10, with iron sulfate as a precursor. The NPs were characterized through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential Analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Their antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study also evaluated the effect of the α-FeO-NPs on bacterial cell membrane disruption, biofilm formation, efflux pump inhibition, and swarming motility.
The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak at 228 nm, indicating plasmon absorbance of the α-FeO-NPs. FESEM revealed spherical NPs (~ 30 nm), and DLS confirmed a hydrodynamic size of 36.3 nm with a zeta potential of -25.1 mV, indicating good stability. XRD identified the rhombohedral α-FeO phase, and FTIR detected O-H, C-H, C = O, and Fe-O functional groups, suggesting organic capping for stability. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that the α-FeO-NPs had MIC values ranging from 0.625 to 5 µg/mL and MBC values between 5 and 20 µg/mL, with a strong effect against Gram-positive bacteria. The NPs significantly increased membrane permeability, inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus and E. coli, and disrupted efflux pumps in S. aureus SA-1199B (a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain overexpressing norA). Additionally, the α-FeO-NPs inhibited P. aeruginosa swarming motility.
The bacteria-synthesized α-FeO-NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited strong potential for inhibiting biofilm formation and efflux pump activity, offering a promising strategy to address AMR. Focus on further evaluating their therapeutic potential in clinical settings and conducting comprehensive assessments of their safety profiles to ensure their applicability in medical treatments.
Not applicable.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对健康构成严重威胁，凸显了迫切需要具有创新作用机制的更有效抗菌药物。纳米技术通过制造具有抗菌特性的纳米颗粒（NPs）提供了有前景的解决方案。本研究旨在探索生态友好合成的α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒（α-Fe₂O₃-NPs）对病原菌的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗毒力作用。
使用涉及芽孢杆菌属GMS10的绿色合成方法，以硫酸铁为前驱体合成α-FeO-NPs。通过紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）、动态光散射（DLS）、zeta电位分析、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对纳米颗粒进行表征。评估它们对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌活性。该研究还评估了α-FeO-NPs对细菌细胞膜破坏、生物膜形成、外排泵抑制和群体运动的影响。
紫外可见光谱在228nm处显示一个峰值，表明α-FeO-NPs的等离子体吸收。FESEM显示球形纳米颗粒（约30nm），DLS证实流体动力学尺寸为36.3nm，zeta电位为-25.1mV，表明稳定性良好。XRD鉴定出菱面体α-FeO相，FTIR检测到O-H、C-H、C=O和Fe-O官能团，表明存在有机封端以保持稳定性。抗菌试验表明，α-FeO-NPs的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值范围为0.625至5μg/mL，最低杀菌浓度（MBC）值在5至20μg/mL之间，对革兰氏阳性细菌有很强的作用。纳米颗粒显著增加膜通透性，抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌中的生物膜形成，并破坏金黄色葡萄球菌SA-1199B（一种过表达norA的氟喹诺酮耐药菌株）中的外排泵。此外，α-FeO-NPs抑制铜绿假单胞菌的群体运动。
细菌合成的α-FeO-NPs表现出显著的抗菌活性，特别是对革兰氏阳性细菌，并在抑制生物膜形成和外排泵活性方面表现出强大潜力，为应对AMR提供了一种有前景的策略。重点是进一步评估它们在临床环境中的治疗潜力，并对其安全性进行全面评估，以确保它们在医学治疗中的适用性。
不适用。
