Orlando Solón Alberto, Mora-Jaramillo Naomi, Paredes-Núñez Darwin, Rodriguez-Pazmiño Angel Sebastian, Carvajal Elsy, León Sosa Ariana, Rivera Ariana, Calderon Jocelyn, Guizado Herrera David, Arcos Fabrizio, Vera Loor Leila Estefanía, Pérez Oyarvide Emma Viviana, Quimí López Dennis Ignacio, Guailla Ríos Betti, Benavides Yánez Bertha, Torres-Lasso Pablo, Zambrano Gavilanes Patricia, Oviedo Mirna C, González Manuel, Jiménez-Valenzuela Fabiola, Morales García Melva Esperanza, Intriago Alcivar Esther Guadalupe, Saltos Montes Jessedel Lilibeth, Medina Alfredo, López Rauschemberg María Karolina, Zevallos Juan Carlos, Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
One Health. 2024 Dec 2;19:100948. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that is endemic in tropical regions, including Ecuador. It is caused by spirochetes of the genus , which can infect humans through animal reservoirs such as rats and dogs, or through contact with contaminated water or soil. In March 2023, public health authorities declared a concerning outbreak of leptospirosis in Durán Cantón, located in the Coastal region of Ecuador. For the first time in the country, a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians and veterinarians was implemented for the surveillance and management of this leptospirosis outbreak. A total of 335 samples were collected, including suspected human cases, household contacts, household dogs, synanthropic rats, and water samples within the area of human cases. Samples were processed by qPCR targeting , and fragment genes and characterized further for Sanger sequencing. Overall, 26.2 % of human samples, 43.8 % of dog samples, 38.5 % of rat samples, and 39.4 % of water samples tested positive for . Further, phylogenetic analysis shows that human, dog, and rat sequences are clustered within the pathogenic subclade P1, within the branch of L. and L. . This study is the first of its kind in Ecuador, where an ongoing outbreak of leptospirosis was managed in real-time by using molecular diagnosis and not serological tools, and where the epidemiological surveillance was done following a One Health approach. This experience should inspire public and animal health authorities in Ecuador to promote a national One Health surveillance and control program for zoonotic diseases.
钩端螺旋体病是一种被忽视的人畜共患病，在包括厄瓜多尔在内的热带地区流行。它由钩端螺旋体属的螺旋体引起，可通过大鼠和狗等动物宿主感染人类，或通过接触受污染的水或土壤感染。2023年3月，公共卫生当局宣布在厄瓜多尔沿海地区的杜兰县爆发了令人担忧的钩端螺旋体病疫情。该国首次采用了一种由医生和兽医参与的多学科方法来监测和管理这次钩端螺旋体病疫情。共采集了335份样本，包括疑似人类病例、家庭接触者、家犬、共生鼠以及人类病例区域内的水样。通过针对、和片段基因的qPCR对样本进行处理，并进一步进行Sanger测序鉴定。总体而言，26.2%的人类样本、43.8%的狗样本、38.5%的鼠样本和39.4%的水样检测呈阳性。此外，系统发育分析表明，人类、狗和鼠的序列聚集在致病亚分支P1内，位于和的分支内。这项研究在厄瓜多尔尚属首次，在此次研究中，通过分子诊断而非血清学工具对正在爆发的钩端螺旋体病进行了实时管理，并且按照“同一健康”方法进行了流行病学监测。这一经验应激励厄瓜多尔的公共卫生和动物卫生当局推动制定一项针对人畜共患病的国家“同一健康”监测和控制计划。
