Ehlers Jessica, Hartke Tamara R, Janotta Noah, Mawan Amanda, Nazarreta Rizky, Desriana Rizky, Hidayat Purnama, Buchori Damayanti, Scheu Stefan, Pollierer Melanie M, Drescher Jochen
Animal Ecology, J.-F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany.
Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Bonn Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Dec 23;14(12):e70694. doi: 10.1002/ece3.70694. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The conversion of tropical rainforests to agriculture causes population declines and biodiversity loss across taxa. This impacts ants (Formicidae), a crucial tropical group for ecosystem functioning. While biodiversity loss among ants is well documented, the responses of individual ant taxa and their adjustments in trophic strategies to land-use change are little studied. Here, we investigated a collection of > 12,000 acrobat ants () from 14 species collected by canopy fogging in four land-use systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, including (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (low impact rubber agroforestry), and monocultures of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm. Abundance-weighted trophic positions as indicated by stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were significantly different between land uses: Lower average, maximum, minimum and range of δC values in monocultures than in rainforest and jungle rubber indicate a shift of towards more plant-based resources, but may be driven substantially by the "canopy effect" of differential carbon assimilation of leaves between lower and higher canopy. Similar ΔN average, maximum and minimum among the land uses, but a significantly reduced range of ΔN in monocultures, suggest lowered trophic diversity and increased stochasticity of trophic niches in monocultures. In contrast, community decline in was very pronounced, with density, richness and rarity in monocultures of rubber and oil palm at a fraction of that in rainforest and jungle rubber. communities in oil palm formed a subset of those in rubber, which were a subset of those in jungle rubber, which were a subset of those in rainforest. A notable exception was , which was exclusively found in oil palm. In conclusion, tropical land-use change induces slight shifts in the trophic structure of communities, but massive declines in its density and diversity. This likely affects driven ecosystem functions in agricultural systems in Southeast Asia.
热带雨林转变为农业用地导致了各分类群的数量下降和生物多样性丧失。这对蚂蚁（蚁科）产生了影响，而蚂蚁是热带地区生态系统功能的关键类群。虽然蚂蚁生物多样性丧失已有充分记录，但对于单个蚂蚁分类群的反应及其在营养策略上对土地利用变化的调整却鲜有研究。在此，我们调查了从苏门答腊占碑省四个土地利用系统中通过树冠喷雾收集的14个物种的12000多只弓背蚁（ ），这些土地利用系统包括：（1）低地雨林，（2）丛林橡胶（低影响橡胶农林业），以及（3）橡胶和（4）油棕的单一栽培。碳和氮稳定同位素所指示的丰度加权营养级在不同土地利用类型之间存在显著差异：单一栽培中δC值的平均、最大、最小和范围均低于雨林和丛林橡胶，这表明 转向了更多基于植物的资源，但这可能很大程度上是由下层和上层树冠叶片碳同化差异的“树冠效应”驱动的。不同土地利用类型之间的ΔN平均、最大和最小值相似，但单一栽培中ΔN的范围显著减小，这表明单一栽培中营养多样性降低，营养生态位的随机性增加。相比之下， 的群落数量下降非常明显，橡胶和油棕单一栽培中的密度、丰富度和稀有度仅为雨林和丛林橡胶中的一小部分。油棕中的 群落是橡胶中的群落的一个子集，橡胶中的群落是丛林橡胶中的群落的一个子集，丛林橡胶中的群落是雨林中的群落的一个子集。一个显著的例外是 ，它仅在油棕中被发现。总之，热带土地利用变化导致 群落的营养结构发生轻微变化，但其密度和多样性大幅下降。这可能会影响东南亚农业系统中由 驱动的生态系统功能。
