Xie Hanghang, Xi Xiaowei, Lei Ting, Liu Hongli, Xia Zhijia
Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
Technical University of Munich (TUM) School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 9;15:1507283. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1507283. eCollection 2024.
CD8+ T cells are crucial cytotoxic components of the tumor immune system. In chronic inflammation, they become low-responsive, a state known as T cell exhaustion (TEX). The aim of immune checkpoint blockade is to counteract TEX, yet its dynamics in breast cancer remain poorly understood. This review defines CD8+ TEX and outlines its features and underlying mechanisms. It also discusses the primary mechanisms of CD8+ TEX in breast cancer, covering inhibitory receptors, immunosuppressive cells, cytokines, transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming, and exosome pathways, offering insights into potential immunotherapy strategies for breast cancer.
CD8+ T细胞是肿瘤免疫系统中至关重要的细胞毒性成分。在慢性炎症中，它们会变得反应低下，这种状态被称为T细胞耗竭（TEX）。免疫检查点阻断的目的是对抗TEX，但其在乳腺癌中的动态变化仍知之甚少。本综述定义了CD8+ TEX，并概述了其特征和潜在机制。它还讨论了乳腺癌中CD8+ TEX的主要机制，包括抑制性受体、免疫抑制细胞、细胞因子、转录组和表观遗传改变、代谢重编程以及外泌体途径，为乳腺癌潜在的免疫治疗策略提供了见解。
