Surekha Mullapudi V, Meur Gargi, Suneetha Nadimpalli, Balakrishna Nagalla, Kumar Putcha U, Tulja Bhukya, Reddy K Suryam, Ibrahim Ahmed, Sunitha Pratha
Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Lipid Chemistry Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Am J Perinatol. 2025 Jul;42(9):1213-1222. doi: 10.1055/a-2480-5329. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
Studies on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pregnant mothers and their newborns, specifically in relation to their micronutrient status, fatty acids (FAs), and inflammatory status are sparse. We hypothesized that COVID-19 infection would adversely affect the transfer of nutrients, and FAs from mothers to their fetuses via the umbilical cord and maternal-fetal distribution of inflammatory cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 on micronutrients, inflammatory markers, and FAs profiles in pregnant mothers and their newborns' cord blood.This was a cross-sectional study of 212 pregnant mothers in the third trimester and their newborns, recruited after testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serostatus. Peripheral blood of mothers and cord blood were collected at birth and analyzed for vitamin B12 (Vit B12), folic acid, 25(OH)D3, FAs, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Student's -test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to express statistical significance. Non-normal data were tested using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test, with proportions compared with the chi-square test.Vit B12 levels were significantly low and adrenic acid levels significantly high in COVID-19 seropositive mothers while 25(OH)D3 was significantly low in seropositive cord blood. Irrespective of COVID-19 serostatus, folate, vit B12, saturated FA levels were significantly high in cord blood indicating their increased transfer from mothers to the fetus. However, monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were significantly lower in cord blood. Irrespective of COVID-19 serostatus, CD4 T helper cells (percentage of lymphocytes) were significantly higher in cord blood, while NK cells, NK-T cells, and CD8 T-cytotoxic cells-percentage of lymphocytes-were significantly lower in cord blood when compared with corresponding mother's blood.The results indicate that while COVID-19 did not impede the transfer of essential nutrients such as MUFA and PUFA from mother to fetus, or affect maternal-fetal immune cell responses, it did appear to affect the levels of vit B12, vitamin D, and adrenic acid. · COVID-19 did not impede essential fatty acids transfer through cord blood.. · COVID-19 affected maternal-fetal immune responses.. · COVID-19 affected vitB12, vitamin D and adrenic acid levels..
关于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对孕妇及其新生儿的影响，特别是与他们的微量营养素状况、脂肪酸（FAs）和炎症状态相关的研究很少。我们假设COVID-19感染会对营养物质和脂肪酸通过脐带从母亲向胎儿的转运以及炎症细胞在母胎间的分布产生不利影响。本研究旨在确定COVID-19对孕妇及其新生儿脐带血中微量营养素、炎症标志物和脂肪酸谱的影响。
这是一项对212名孕晚期孕妇及其新生儿进行的横断面研究，这些孕妇在检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）血清学状态后被招募。在出生时采集母亲的外周血和脐带血，分析维生素B12（Vit B12）、叶酸、25（OH）D3、脂肪酸和外周血单个核细胞。采用学生t检验或方差分析（ANOVA）来表示统计学意义。非正态数据使用曼-惠特尼检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验进行检验，比例采用卡方检验进行比较。
COVID-19血清阳性母亲的Vit B12水平显著降低，肾上腺酸水平显著升高，而血清阳性脐带血中的25（OH）D3显著降低。无论COVID-19血清学状态如何，脐带血中的叶酸、Vit B12、饱和脂肪酸水平显著升高，表明它们从母亲向胎儿的转运增加。然而，脐带血中的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）水平显著较低。无论COVID-19血清学状态如何，脐带血中CD4辅助性T细胞（淋巴细胞百分比）显著较高，而与相应母亲的血液相比，脐带血中的自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）NK-T细胞和CD8细胞毒性T细胞（淋巴细胞百分比）显著较低。
结果表明，虽然COVID-19并未阻碍MUFA和PUFA等必需营养素从母亲向胎儿的转运或影响母胎免疫细胞反应，但它似乎确实影响了Vit B12、维生素D和肾上腺酸的水平。·COVID-19并未阻碍必需脂肪酸通过脐带血的转运。·COVID-19影响母胎免疫反应。·COVID-19影响Vit B12、维生素D和肾上腺酸水平。
