Blum Frederic, Barrientos Carlos, Ingunza Adriano, List Johann-Mattis
Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, 04301, Leipzig, Germany.
University of Passau, Chair for Multilingual Computerlinguistics, 94032, Passau, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 24;14(1):30636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82515-3.
We present a novel approach for testing genealogical relations between language families. Our method, which has previously only been applied to closely related languages, makes predictions for cognate reflexes based on the regularity of proposed sound correspondences between language families that are hypothesized to be related. We test the hypothesis about a genealogical relation between Panoan and Takanan, two linguistic families of the Amazon. The workflow contributes to new ideas of hypothesis testing in historical linguistics and can likely be transferred to other language families. We predict 206 cognate reflexes from Shipibo-Konibo, a Panoan language, from independently proposed Proto-Takanan reconstructions and test our predictions in elicitation sessions with speakers of the language. We found 21 correct predictions from the core-set, as well as another 20 correct predictions from the extended set of predictions. In addition to confirming the previously established sound correspondence patterns, we find further evidence for additional patterns that suggest the reconstruction of three new phonemes for Proto-Pano-Takanan. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 06/05/24. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FGBM7 .
我们提出了一种用于测试语系之间谱系关系的新方法。我们的方法此前仅应用于关系密切的语言，它基于假设相关的语系之间拟议的语音对应规律，对同源词的演变形式进行预测。我们检验了关于亚马逊地区的两个语族——帕诺安语族和塔卡南语族之间谱系关系的假设。该工作流程为历史语言学中的假设检验带来了新的思路，并且很可能可以应用于其他语系。我们根据独立提出的原始塔卡南语重构形式，从帕诺安语系的希皮博-科尼博语中预测了206个同源词的演变形式，并在与该语言使用者的引出会话中检验了我们的预测。我们从核心预测集中发现了21个正确预测，在扩展预测集中还发现了另外20个正确预测。除了证实先前确立的语音对应模式外，我们还发现了进一步的证据，支持另外一些模式，这些模式表明原始帕诺-塔卡南语需要重构三个新音素。协议注册：本注册报告的第一阶段协议于2024年5月6日原则上获得批准。该期刊接受的协议可在以下网址查阅：https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FGBM7 。
