Borenstein Arie, Kaner Richard B
Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University Ariel Israel
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
Chem Sci. 2024 Dec 23;16(3):1036-1040. doi: 10.1039/d4sc06764a. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has gained significant attention, with over 170 publications in 2023 alone. This surge in popularity is due to the unique advantages LIG offers over traditional thermal methods, such as fast, solvent-free, scalable production and its ability to scribe intricate patterns on various substrates, including heat-sensitive materials like plastics. In recent developments, metal-embedded LIG (M-LIG) has expanded the potential applications of LIG, particularly in energy storage, microelectronics, and sensing. However, the complexity of the laser-induced reactions, especially those involving metal ions, has limited a thorough understanding of these processes. This perspective highlights the challenges of predicting the final oxidation states of metal nanoparticles formed during laser processing. Based on a survey of over 20 studies, we discuss the influence of reduction potential and other environmental factors, such as carbon precursors, on metal ion reduction. While reduction potential strongly correlates with product formation, inconsistencies across experiments suggest additional factors, such as reaction kinetics, diffusion rates, and crystallization, play critical roles. Future research should focus on controlling oxidation states and particle size, the formation of bimetallic structures, and atomically-dispersed metals in graphene, to better harness the full potential of M-LIG materials.
激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）已引起广泛关注，仅在2023年就有超过170篇相关出版物。其受欢迎程度的激增归因于LIG相对于传统热方法所具有的独特优势，例如快速、无溶剂、可扩展的生产方式，以及能够在包括塑料等热敏材料在内的各种基底上刻划出复杂图案的能力。在最近的发展中，金属嵌入的激光诱导石墨烯（M-LIG）扩展了LIG的潜在应用领域，特别是在能量存储、微电子和传感方面。然而，激光诱导反应的复杂性，尤其是那些涉及金属离子的反应，限制了对这些过程的深入理解。这一观点突出了预测激光加工过程中形成的金属纳米颗粒最终氧化态的挑战。基于对20多项研究的调查，我们讨论了还原电位和其他环境因素（如碳前驱体）对金属离子还原的影响。虽然还原电位与产物形成密切相关，但实验结果的不一致表明，反应动力学、扩散速率和结晶等其他因素也起着关键作用。未来的研究应聚焦于控制氧化态和颗粒尺寸、双金属结构的形成以及石墨烯中原子分散的金属，以更好地发挥M-LIG材料的全部潜力。
