Krammer Martin, Montes Susan, Kühnelt Helmut, Jiang Qixiang, Lager Daniel, Bismarck Alexander, Beutl Alexander
Center for Transport Technologies, Battery Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 2, Vienna 1210, Austria.
Center for Transport Technologies, Electric Vehicle Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 2, Vienna 1210, Austria.
J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 2024 Dec 10;128(50):21317-21330. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c07301. eCollection 2024 Dec 19.
In this work, a battery layup consisting of a poorly flammable ionic liquid electrolyte and a poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) thermoplastic has been developed along with composite anode and cathode electrodes. The developed gel electrolyte exhibits feasible ionic conductivity of about 1 mS/cm at 30 °C. State-of-the-art active electrode materials, i.e., LiNiMnCoO (NMC811) and graphite, have been employed. Full cells were tested in coin and pouch cell format, obtaining capacities of about 120 and 100 mA h/g, respectively, at a C-rate of C/10. Thereby, it was observed that good contact between the individual cell layers is crucial. Recently, it was shown that the mechanical properties of structural batteries, realized by integrating battery cells into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, depend significantly on the mechanical properties of the cell itself. Hence, to promote the realization of such a structural battery concept, tensile tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of cells as well as the individual components developed in this work. The full cell showed values of 10 GPa and 49 MPa for the Young's modulus and tensile strength, respectively. Thus, feasible multifunctionality could be verified on the cell level. However, regarding the contributions of the different components, it could be shown that mainly the current collector foils contribute to the mechanical properties, in contrast to the electrode loadings and the gel electrolyte. Additionally, the thermal and chemical stability of the developed system was evaluated, highlighting the importance of these secondary properties for the fabrication of structural batteries, i.e., the integration of cells into load-bearing CFRP laminates. Specifically, it was observed that the developed system is thermally stable up to 150 °C and no HF release was detected upon exposure to ambient conditions.
在这项工作中，已开发出一种由难燃离子液体电解质和聚（偏二氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯）（PVdF - HFP）热塑性塑料组成的电池叠层结构，同时还开发了复合阳极和阴极电极。所开发的凝胶电解质在30℃时表现出约1 mS/cm的可行离子电导率。采用了最先进的活性电极材料，即LiNiMnCoO（NMC811）和石墨。全电池以硬币电池和软包电池形式进行测试，在C/10的C倍率下分别获得约120和100 mA h/g的容量。由此观察到，各电池层之间的良好接触至关重要。最近的研究表明，通过将电池单元集成到碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）层压板中实现的结构电池的机械性能，在很大程度上取决于电池本身的机械性能。因此，为了推动这种结构电池概念的实现，进行了拉伸试验以研究电池以及本工作中开发的各个组件的机械性能。全电池的杨氏模量和拉伸强度值分别为10 GPa和49 MPa。因此，可以在电池层面验证可行的多功能性。然而，关于不同组件的贡献，可以表明与电极负载和凝胶电解质相比，主要是集流体箔对机械性能有贡献。此外，还评估了所开发系统的热稳定性和化学稳定性，突出了这些二级性能对于结构电池制造（即将电池集成到承重CFRP层压板中）的重要性。具体而言，观察到所开发的系统在高达150℃时热稳定，暴露于环境条件下未检测到HF释放。
